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Architectural Drawing and Light Construction

ISBN: 9780135205297 | 0135205298
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 9/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
Principles of architectural drawing for developing working and presentational drawings, more on CAD and construction concepts in this new edition.
Prefacev
1 DRAFTING EQUIPMENT AND ITS USES
1(22)
1.1 A List of Necessary Equipment
1(1)
... MORE
1.2 Drawing Boards and Tables
2(1)
1.3 Board Covers and Drafting Surfaces
3(1)
1.4 Parallel Bars and Drafting Machines
3(1)
1.5 Pencils, Leads, and Pointers
4(1)
1.6 Triangles
5(1)
1.7 Adjustable Triangles
6(1)
1.8 Erasers
6(1)
1.9 Electric Erasing Machines
6(1)
1.10 Erasing Shield
7(1)
1.11 Protractor
7(1)
1.12 Irregular Curves
7(1)
1.13 The Architect's Scale
8(2)
1.14 The Civil Engineer's Scale
10(1)
1.15 Drafting Templates
10(1)
1.16 Case Instruments
10(2)
1.17 Drafting (Dusting) Brushes
12(1)
1.18 Drafting Tape and Dots
12(1)
1.19 Drawing Papers and Film
12(1)
1.20 Technical Drafting Pens
12(1)
1.21 Optional Equipment
13(1)
1.22 Lighting and Light Fixtures
14(1)
1.23 Reproduction of Drawings
14(1)
1.24 Drawing Lines
15(1)
Exercises
16(5)
Review Questions
21(2)
2 COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING AND DESIGN
23(30)
2.1 Historical Overview
23(1)
2.2 System Components
24(2)
2.3 Operating Systems
26(2)
2.4 Computer Hardware
28(7)
2.5 Software
35(3)
2.6 The Internet
38(2)
2.7 Future Developments
40(1)
2.8 Key Graphic Principles for CAD
41(2)
2.9 Basic Computer-Aided Drafting
43(7)
Review Questions
50(1)
Bibliography
50(1)
References
50(3)
3 LETTERING
53(18)
3.1 Lettering Skill
53(1)
3.2 Alphabet Classifications
53(2)
3.3 Uppercase and Lowercase Letters
55(1)
3.4 Basic Lettering Practice
55(1)
3.5 Guidelines
56(1)
3.6 Height of Letters on Working Drawings
56(1)
3.7 Letter Proportion
57(1)
3.8 Lettering Technique
58(1)
3.9 Spacing of Letters and Words
58(1)
3.10 Inclined Lettering
59(1)
3.11 Lettering with a Triangle
59(1)
3.12 Lettering Titles
59(1)
3.13 Symmetrical Titles
60(1)
3.14 Laying Out Large Titles
60(1)
3.15 Lettering with Ink
61(1)
3.16 Lettering Machines
61(1)
3.17 Notes
62(1)
3.18 Title Blocks
62(1)
3.19 Laying Out Similar Title Blocks on Continuous Sheets
63(1)
3.20 Developing an Architectural Style
63(5)
Exercises
68(1)
Review Questions
69(2)
4 DRAFTING EXPRESSION
71(20)
4.1 Vary Line Weights According to Their Importance
71(1)
4.2 Learn to Make Crisp-Looking Broken Lines
71(2)
4.3 Make the Dimensions Easy to Read
73(2)
4.4 Place Dimensions for Obvious Association with Their Features
75(1)
4.5 Line Up Dimensions in Series for Simplicity
75(1)
4.6 Do Not Duplicate Dimensions
76(1)
4.7 Use Leaders to Avoid Overcrowding
76(2)
4.8 Use Notes Sparingly on a Drawing
78(1)
4.9 Abbreviations Save Time, But They Are Often Confusing
78(1)
4.10 Indicate Materials and Features with Symbols
78(3)
4.11 Avoid Unnecessary Repetition of Symbol Hatching
81(1)
4.12 Use a Drafting Template for Difficult Symbols
82(1)
4.13 Avoid Smudged Pencil Linework
82(2)
4.14 Use Schedules to Organize Extensive Information
84(5)
Exercises
89(1)
Review Questions
89(2)
5 MODULAR AND METRIC DRAFTING
91(16)
5.1 The Principles of Modular Drafting
91(5)
5.2 The Metric System of Measurement
96(1)
5.3 Systeme International
97(3)
5.4 Dimensions on Drawings
100(1)
5.5 Modular Coordination
100(4)
5.6 Preferred Sizes for Building Components
104(1)
References
104(3)
6 BASIC TECHNICAL DRAWING
107(24)
6.1 Multiview Two-Dimensional Drawings
107(7)
6.2 Sectioning
114(4)
6.3 Auxiliary Views
118(3)
6.4 Geometric Construction
121(6)
Exercises
127(2)
Review Questions
129(2)
7 AXONOMETRIC AND OBLIQUE PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
131(20)
7.1 Axonometric Drawings
132(3)
7.2 Constructing a Pictorial Drawing
135(2)
7.3 Pictorial Section Views
137(1)
7.4 Oblique Drawings
138(2)
7.5 Elevation Oblique Drawings
140(1)
7.6 Plan Oblique Drawings
140(4)
7.7 Planometric Drawings
144(1)
7.8 Pictorial Dimensioning
144(4)
Exercises
148(1)
Review Questions
149(2)
8 FREEHAND SKETCHING
151(18)
8.1 Sketching Materials
151(1)
8.2 Beginning Line Exercises
152(1)
8.3 Dividing Lines and Areas Equally
153(1)
8.4 Sketching Angles
154(1)
8.5 Sketching Circles and Arcs
154(1)
8.6 Developing Good Proportion
155(1)
8.7 Acquiring Good Line Technique
156(2)
8.8 Sketching Plans and Elevations
158(5)
8.9 Axonometric, Isometric, and Oblique Sketching
163(2)
Exercises
165(2)
Review Questions
167(2)
9 PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS
169(36)
9.1 Theory and Nomenclature
169(4)
9.2 Perspective Variables
173(2)
9.3 Types of Perspectives
175(1)
9.4 Sketching a Quick Perspective
176(4)
9.5 Drawing a 2-Point Angular Perspective of an Exterior Using the Office Method
180(3)
9.6 Drawing a 2-Point Angular Perspective of an Interior Using the Office Method
183(1)
9.7 The Perspective-Plan Method and Measuring Lines
183(5)
9.8 Drawing a 1-Point Parallel Perspective Using the Office Method
188(4)
9.9 A Professional Method of Drawing Perspectives
192(3)
9.10 Time-Saving Suggestions
195(3)
Exercises
198(3)
Review Questions
201(4)
10 SHADES AND SHADOWS
205(16)
10.1 Shades and Shadows
205(7)
10.2 Shading Pictorial Sketches
212(3)
Exercises
215(3)
Review Questions
218(3)
11 PRESENTATION DRAWINGS AND RENDERINGS
221(32)
11.1 Types of Presentation Drawings
221(4)
11.2 Presentation Paper or Board
225(1)
11.3 Composition
225(5)
11.4 Rendering in Pencil
230(8)
11.5 Rendering in Ink
238(5)
11.6 Rendering with Color
243(4)
11.7 Sketching with the Felt-Tip Pen
247(3)
Exercises
250(1)
Review Questions
251(2)
12 PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT CONSTRUCTION
253(136)
12.1 Developing a Background in Light Construction Methods
253(2)
12.2 Construction Terminology
255(1)
12.3 Footings and Foundations
255(30)
12.4 Conventional Wood Frame Construction
285(38)
12.5 Plank-and-Beam Frame Construction
323(6)
12.6 Brick and Stone Veneer Construction
329(3)
12.7 Solid Masonry and Cavity Wall Construction
332(3)
12.8 Steel Frame Construction
335(7)
12.9 Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Systems
342(3)
12.10 Autoclaved, Aerated Concrete Block
345(1)
12.11 Straw Bale Construction
346(2)
12.12 Roof Types and Roof Coverings
348(16)
12.13 Exterior Finish Materials
364(7)
12.14 Interior Finishes and Trim
371(1)
12.15 Insulation and Moisture Considerations in Frame Structures
372(5)
12.16 Construction Strategies
377(5)
Exercises
382(1)
Review Questions
383(6)
13 STRUCTURAL MEMBER SELECTION
389(30)
13.1 Stresses in Members
389(2)
13.2 Moisture Content
391(1)
13.3 Local Codes
392(1)
13.4 First Determine the Loads
392(16)
13.5 Plank-and-Beam Framing
408(5)
Exercises
413(1)
Review Questions
413(6)
14 TYPICAL ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS
419(62)
14.1 Selecting the Correct Scale for Details
419(1)
14.2 Drawing Typical Wall Details
420(5)
14.3 Indicating Roof Pitches on Drawings
425(2)
14.4 Windows and Their Representation
427(6)
14.5 Doors and Their Representation
433(5)
14.6 Fireplace Design and Details
438(8)
14.7 Stair Design and Layout
446(5)
14.8 New Construction Systems and Materials
451(28)
Exercises
479(1)
Review Questions
479(2)
15 BASIC RESIDENTIAL PLANNING
481(48)
15.1 Use a Planning Checklist
481(1)
15.2 Building Codes
482(1)
15.3 Review the Restrictions and Legal Aspects of the Lot
483(4)
15.4 Prepare a Site Analysis
487(3)
15.5 Plan the House to Fit the Site
490(4)
15.6 Utilize Solar Planning to Reduce Energy Costs
494(3)
15.7 Choose the Most Appropriate Basic Structure
497(3)
15.8 Use a Matrix to Analyze Space Relationships
500(3)
15.9 Plan the Interior Spaces to Reflect the Life Style of the Occupants
503(14)
15.10 Make the Elevations Express the Spirit of the Interior
517(5)
15.11 Combine Exterior Design Elements That Are in Keeping with Accepted Home Styles
522(2)
Exercises
524(3)
Review Questions
527(2)
16 BUILDING MODELS
529(14)
16.1 Types of Models
529(4)
16.2 Model-Building Tools
533(1)
16.3 Constructing Architectural Models
533(3)
16.4 Constructing Structural Models
536(5)
Review Questions
541(2)
17 WRITING SPECIFICATIONS
543(12)
17.1 Relationship of Drawings to the Specifications and Other Written Documents
543(1)
17.2 Types of Projects
544(1)
17.3 The Project Manual Concept
544(1)
17.4 Who Writes Specifications
544(1)
17.5 Specification Material Sources
545(1)
17.6 Specification Arrangement
546(1)
17.7 Division 1: General Requirements
547(1)
17.8 General Points for Preparing Specifications
547(2)
17.9 Methods of Specifying
549(2)
17.10 Allowances, Alternates, and Unit Prices
551(1)
17.11 Product Evaluation
551(1)
17.12 Master Specifications
551(1)
17.13 Today and Tomorrow
552(1)
Review Questions
552(3)
18 WORKING DRAWINGS OF SMALL HOMES
555(26)
18.1 Start with the Floor Plan
556(16)
18.2 Develop the Second-Floor Plan over the First-Floor Plan
572(1)
18.3 Use the First-Floor Plan to Develop the Foundation (Basement) Plan
572(1)
18.4 Project Elevations from the Floor Plan
573(3)
18.5 Select Scales Suitable to the Details
576(1)
18.6 Drawing Transverse and Longitudinal Sections
576(1)
18.7 Drawing the Kitchen Details (Interior Elevations)
576(1)
18.8 Drawing the Bathroom Details (Interior Elevations)
577(1)
18.9 Drawing Fixed-Glass Details
577(1)
18.10 The Site Plan Orients the House to the Lot
578(1)
Exercises
579(1)
Review Questions
579(2)
19 RESIDENTIAL MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
581(42)
19.1 Planning the Heating and Cooling Systems
581(1)
19.2 Architectural Considerations for Heating and Cooling
582(1)
19.3 Current Residential Heating Systems
582(11)
19.4 Air-Conditioning Methods
593(1)
19.5 Residential Ventilating Fans
594(1)
19.6 Load Calculation and Sizing of Heating Equipment
594(2)
19.7 Sizing Cooling Equipment
596(1)
19.8 Location of Outlets in Room
597(1)
19.9 Solar Equipment
598(6)
19.10 Drawing the Heating and/or Cooling Plan
604(2)
19.11 Plumbing Systems and Drawings
606(2)
19.12 Basic Requirements of the Water Supply System
608(1)
19.13 Basic Requirements of the Discharge System
608(3)
19.14 Domestic Water Heaters
611(1)
19.15 Private Disposal Systems
611(1)
19.16 Drawing the Plumbing Plan
612(1)
19.17 Home Electrical Systems
612(8)
19.18 Drawing the Electrical Plan
620(1)
Review Questions
620(3)
20 DRAWING A SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDING
623(56)
20.1 Planning the Drawing Layout
624(1)
20.2 Drawing the Plan (Figs. 20-1 through 20-5)
624(1)
20.3 Drawing the Elevations (Figs. 20-7 through 20-8)
624(1)
20.4 Drawing the Full Sections (Fig. 20-9)
624(1)
20.5 Drawing the Details (Figs. 20-10 through 20-12)
625(1)
20.6 Integrating Drawings
625(1)
20.7 Civil Drawings
625(1)
20.8 Structural Drawings (Figs. 20-14 through 20-20)
625(1)
20.9 Mechanical Drawings (Figs. 20-21 through 20-32)
625(1)
20.10 Electrical Drawings (Figs. 20-33 through 20-40)
626(1)
20.11 Drawing the Reflected Ceiling Plan
626(1)
20.12 Drawing the Roof Plan (Fig. 20-6)
626(50)
Exercises
676(1)
Review Questions
676(3)
APPENDICES679(84)
A Abbreviations Used in Architectural Drawings679(3)
B Modular Vertical Brick Coursing682(1)
C The Metric System in Construction683(17)
D Tables from the Uniform Building Code700(13)
E Span Tables for Wood Structural Members713(38)
F Heat Loss/Gain Calculation Examples751(12)
GLOSSARY OF CONSTRUCTION TERMS763(8)
INDEX771

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