Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Arboriculture

by: Harris, Richard Wilson; Clark, James R.; Matheny, Nelda P.

Arboriculture

by: Harris, Richard Wilson; Clark, James R.; Matheny, Nelda P.

ISBN 13:
9780133866650
ISBN 10:
0133866653
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/01/1998
Publisher: Pearson College Div
Newer Edition

Rent

Sorry, this item is currently unavailable.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Extend or Purchase Your Rental at Any Time

Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.

Summary

For Landscape Horticulture, Arboriculture, Urban Forestry, and Landscape Architecture courses at the undergraduate level. Regarded by many as an irreplaceable reference tool, this comprehensive, analytic, and logically organized guide describes current and new woody landscape plant selection and maintenance practices and evaluates them based on the most recent research and experience.

Preface

1 INTRODUCTION TO ARBORICULTURE

(15)

ARBORICULTURE

(1)

ARBORICULTURE IN PRACTICE

(5)

Regulation of Tree Care Activities

(4)

RELATIONSHIP OF ARBORICULTURE TO URBAN FORESTS AND URBAN FORESTRY

(2)

Urban Forestry

(1)

Urban Forests and the Practice of Arboriculture

(1)

Arboriculture and Sustainable Urban Forests

(1)

THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF ARBORICULTURE

(6)

FURTHER READING

(1)

2 PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

(46)

OVERVIEW OF BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND TRANSPIRATION

(2)

Photosynthesis

(1)

Respiration

(1)

Transpiration

(1)

MECHANICAL DESIGN OF TREES

(1)

CROWN DEVELOPMENT

(6)

Shoots

(1)

Buds

(1)

Shoot Elongation

(1)

Patterns of Shoot Elongation

(3)

THE LEAF

(1)

THE CROWN

(5)

THE ROOT

(6)

Root Development

(2)

Size of Root Systems

(2)

TRUNK DEVELOPMENT

(7)

Xylem

(2)

Phloem and Bark

(1)

Trunk Taper

(4)

Compartmentalization

(1)

BRANCH ATTACHMENT

(4)

REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT

(3)

Angiosperm Flowers

(1)

Gymnosperm Flowers

(1)

TREE DEATH

(1)

How Trees Die

(1)

CONTROL MECHANISMS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

(6)

Genetic Controls

(1)

Environmental Controls

(1)

Time

(4)

INTEGRATION OF GROWTH OVER TIME

(2)

Root-Shoot Ratio

(1)

FURTHER READING

(1)

3 SITE EVALUATION: CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT

(33)

TEMPERATURE

(15)

Cold Temperatures

(3)

Lowest Temperature Expectable

(1)

Spring and Fall Cold

(3)

Protecting against Frosts

(3)

Winter Chilling and Rest

(1)

Plant Climates: Temperature

(1)

High Temperatures

(3)

LIGHT: RADIATION

(3)

Photosynthesis

(2)

Photoperiod

(1)

Night Lighting

(1)

Transpiration

(1)

MOISTURE

(3)

Rain

(1)

Fog

(1)

Dew

(1)

Drought

(1)

Excess Moisture

(1)

Hail

(1)

Snow and Glaze Ice

(1)

WIND

(3)

Plant Damage

(1)

Transpiration

(1)

Photosynthesis

(1)

Shoot Elongation

(1)

Wind-chill Factor

(1)

COASTAL PLANTINGS

(2)

URBAN CLIMATE

(1)

LIGHTNING

(4)

Protection Against Lightning

(2)

Caring for Lightning-struck Trees

(1)

FURTHER READING

(1)

4 PLANTING SITE: SOIL AND WATER

(31)

EVALUATION OF SOILS

(25)

Soil Formation

(2)

Soil Physical Characteristics

(4)

Chemical Properties of Soils

102

(4)

Biological Properties of Soils

106

(2)

Urban Soils

108

(5)

Evaluating Site Soils

113

(7)

Soil Water Percolation

120

(1)

Soil Drainage

121

(1)

WATER QUALITY

121

(4)

Evaluating Water Quality

121

(3)

Selection of Sites Suitable for Irrigation with Recycled Water

124

(1)

FURTHER READING

125

(1)

5 PLANT PLACEMENT AND USES

126

(26)

REGIONAL EFFECTS OF PLANTS

126

(2)

Air Purification

126

(2)

PLANTS IN A NEIGHBORHOOD

128

(1)

Mesoclimate Enhancement

128

(1)

PLANTS IN A LANDSCAPE

129

(2)

SOLAR ACCESS

131

(5)

Developing Sites for Solar Access

132

(1)

Planting to Accommodate Solar Energy Use

133

(3)

CONTROLLING WIND

136

(2)

Windbreaks and Shelterbelts

136

(1)

Protecting Landscape Sites

136

(2)

NOISE REDUCTION

138

(1)

EROSION CONTROL

139

(1)

OTHER BENEFITS

140

(2)

Landscape Esthetics

140

(1)

Economic Value

140

(1)

Psychological and Health Benefits

141

(1)

COSTS OF LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS

142

(1)

PLANT SPACE CONSIDERATIONS

143

(1)

Tree Spacing

143

(1)

Special Placement Considerations

144

(1)

MANAGING ROOT GROWTH

144

(4)

Roots and Buildings

144

(2)

Roots and Sewers

146

(1)

Chemical Treatment to Control Roots in Sewers

147

(1)

MANAGEMENT FOR FIRE PROTECTION

148

(3)

Reducing Fire Hazard

149

(2)

FURTHER READING

151

(1)

6 PLANT SELECTION: SPECIES AND QUALITY

152

(26)

SELECTING THE RIGHT PLANT

152

(9)

Inherent Characteristics

153

(2)

Growth Habit and Size

155

(2)

Plant Features

157

(3)

Plant Selection Programs

160

(1)

SOURCES AND SIZE OF PLANTING STOCK

161

(2)

SELECTING QUALITY PLANTS

163

(13)

Root Characteristics

164

(3)

Top and Trunk Characteristics

167

(3)

Top-to-Root Relationships

170

(2)

Health

172

(2)

Inspecting Plants

174

(1)

Additional Thoughts

175

(1)

FURTHER READING

176

(2)

7 MODIFYING AND MANAGING THE SITE

178

(38)

MODIFYING THE SOIL'S PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

179

(16)

Modifying Soil Texture and Improving Structure

180

(6)

Improving Surface Drainage

186

(2)

Improving Internal Drainage

188

(5)

Improving Soil Moisture Conditions

193

(2)

MODIFYING SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

195

(6)

Adjusting Soil Reaction

195

(1)

Reclaiming Saline Soils

196

(5)

IMPROVING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL

201

(1)

MULCHES

202

(14)

Benefits of Mulching

202

(4)

Problems Caused by Mulches

206

(2)

Mulch Materials

208

(2)

Mulch Management

210

(6)

8 PLANTING

216

(32)

SEEDS, LINER PLANTS, AND CUTTINGS

216

(3)

Planting Seed

216

(2)

Planting Liner Plants

218

(1)

Sticking Cuttings

219

(1)

YOUNG PLANTS

219

(21)

Season to Plant

219

(1)

Handling Plants before Planting

220

(1)

Preparing the Planting Hole

220

(2)

Pruning Roots

222

(2)

Setting the Plant

224

(1)

Backfilling

225

(3)

Pruning

228

(1)

Staking

228

(9)

Alternatives to Support Staking

237

(1)

Treeshelters

238

(2)

CARE FOLLOWING PLANTING

240

(7)

Turf

242

(3)

Bedding and Ground-cover Plants

245

(1)

Cultivation

245

(1)

Chemical Weed Control

246

(1)

Effects of Bare Soil around Plants

246

(1)

FURTHER READING

247

(1)

9 TRANSPLANTING LARGE PLANTS

248

(22)

SELECTION OF PLANTS

248

(1)

Species

248

(1)

Size and Quality

249

(1)

SITE CHARACTERISTICS

249

(1)

SEASON OF TRANSPLANTING

250

(1)

METHOD OF TRANSPLANTING

250

(10)

Bare Root

250

(1)

Balled-in-Burlap

251

(3)

Frozen Root Ball

254

(1)

Unprotected Root Ball

255

(1)

Box

255

(3)

Mechanical Tree Movers

258

(2)

PLANTING

260

(5)

Anchoring the Root Ball

261

(2)

Protecting the Trunk

263

(1)

Watering and Mulching

264

(1)

Fertilizing

265

(1)

Pruning

265

(1)

TRANSPLANTING PALMS

265

(4)

Preparing to Move

266

(2)

Planting

268

(1)

Postplanting Care

268

(1)

FURTHER READING

269

(1)

10 SPECIAL PLANTING SITUATIONS

270

(33)

TREES IN PAVED AREAS

270

(9)

Providing a Belowground Environment Adequate for Tree Growth

270

(4)

Roots and Pavement

274

(1)

Design Solutions for Avoiding Root-Pavement Conflicts

275

(3)

Remedial Treatment for Existing Trees

278

(1)

LANDSCAPING IN PLANTERS WITHOUT NATURAL DRAINAGE

279

(5)

Container Size

280

(1)

Waterproofing

281

(1)

Irrigation System

281

(1)

Drainage System

282

(2)

Soil Mix

284

(1)

Plant Selection

284

(1)

Special Problems

284

(1)

INTERIOR LANDSCAPES

284

(4)

Plant Selection

285

(1)

Radiation (Light)

285

(2)

Fertilization

287

(1)

Irrigation

287

(1)

Other Concerns

288

(1)

PLANTING ON STEEP SLOPES

288

(2)

Planting Pocket

288

(1)

Slope Serration

288

(1)

Wattling

289

(1)

PLANTING UNIRRIGATED ARID SITES

290

(1)

PLANTING IN AREAS THAT ARE PERIODICALLY FLOODED

291

(2)

PLANTINGS AT LANDFILL SITES

293

(1)

Surface Settling

293

(1)

Decomposition Gases

294

(1)

Landfill-tolerant Species

294

(1)

Landfill Temperatures

294

(1)

Additional Comments

294

(1)

PLANTING IN SOILS THAT HAVE HERBICIDE RESIDUES

294

(2)

Persistence in the Soil

295

(1)

Treatment

295

(1)

ROOTS AND BUILDINGS

296

(5)

Role of Trees in Structural Damage

297

(2)

Diagnosing Tree Contribution to Structural Damage

299

(1)

Soil Expansion

300

(1)

Correcting and Avoiding Problem Situations

300

(1)

FURTHER READING

301

(2)

11 PRESERVING EXISTING TREES

303

(28)

WHY TREES ARE PRESERVED

303

(1)

GOALS OF TREE PRESERVATION

304

(1)

AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

305

(1)

THE TREE PRESERVATION PROCESS

306

(10)

Conducting a Tree Survey

307

(1)

Suitability for Preservation

307

(3)

Identifying a Tree Protection Zone

310

(2)

Locating Trees on Plans

312

(1)

Assessing Construction Impacts to Trees

313

(3)

DESIGNS TO MINIMIZE IMPACTS TO TREES

316

(12)

Grading Considerations

316

(6)

Footing and Foundation Design

322

(2)

Structure Design

324

(1)

Utilities and Services

324

(2)

Installing Pavement

326

(2)

TREE PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION

328

(1)

PRECONSTRUCTION TREATMENTS

329

(1)

Irrigation

329

(1)

Fertilization

330

(1)

Pest Management

330

(1)

FURTHER READING

330

(1)

12 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

331

(41)

THE CURRENT SITUATION

332

(3)

Plant Adaptation to Low Nutrient Levels

332

(1)

Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Root and Shoot Growth

332

(2)

Fertilizer Recommendations

334

(1)

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOIL, NUTRIENTS, AND PLANTS

335

(4)

Physical Properties of Soil

335

(1)

Chemical Properties of Soil

335

(1)

Determining Nutrient Needs and Toxicity Problems

336

(3)

CORRECTING NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES

339

(32)

Macronutrients

339

(11)

Micronutrients

350

(12)

Application Methods

362

(4)

Time of Application

366

(1)

Fertilizing Young Plants

367

(1)

Fertilizing Root-damaged Mature Trees

368

(1)

Fertilizing Palms

369

(1)

Estimating Fertilizer Costs

369

(1)

Pollution Caused by Fertilizers

369

(2)

FURTHER READING

371

(1)

13 WATER MANAGEMENT

372

(28)

SOIL WATER

372

(6)

Movement of Water

375

(3)

WATER USE BY PLANTS

378

(1)

DETERMINING WHEN AND HOW MUCH TO IRRIGATE

379

(3)

Observe the Plants

380

(1)

Feel the Soil

380

(1)

Use Soil-moisture Sensors

380

(1)

Estimate Rate of Evapotranspiration

381

(1)

Measure Foliage Temperature

382

(1)

APPLYING WATER

382

(2)

Sprinkler Application

382

(1)

Drip and Minisprinkler Application

383

(1)

Bubblers

384

(1)

Some Common Irrigation Problems

384

(1)

MANAGING WATER FOR YOUNG TREES

384

(1)

ESTABLISHING A WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

385

(8)

Adjustments to ET(0)

387

(3)

Putting It All Together to Start a Management Program

390

(2)

Additional Comments

392

(1)

MINIMUM IRRIGATION

393

(2)

DROUGHT

395

(1)

Summer-rain Regions

395

(1)

Arid-summer Regions

395

(1)

Managing Landscapes during a Drought

395

(1)

IRRIGATING WITH RECYCLED WATER

396

(2)

ANTITRANSPIRANTS

398

(1)

FURTHER READING

399

(1)

14 PRUNING

400

(73)

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING

400

(18)

Purposes of Pruning

400

(1)

Reasons for Pruning Plants

401

(1)

Pruning Responses

402

(4)

Pruning Techniques

406

(6)

Making the Pruning Cut

412

(5)

Protecting Pruning Cuts

417

(1)

PRUNING TREES

418

(27)

Structural Strength

418

(2)

Long and Short Pruning

420

(2)

Long Pruning: Natural

422

(1)

Training Young Trees

422

(1)

Pruning at Planting

423

(1)

Training in the Landscape

424

(9)

Pruning Mature Trees

433

(12)

SHORT PRUNING

445

(8)

Screen (Curtain) Pruning

445

(1)

Pollard

445

(3)

Espalier

448

(2)

Topiary

450

(1)

Pleach

451

(1)

Bonsai

452

(1)

CONIFEROUS TREES

453

(7)

Whorl-branching Species

456

(1)

Random-branching Species

457

(1)

Pruning Severity

458

(1)

Columnar Conifers

458

(1)

Nursery-grown Trees

459

(1)

Young Conifers in the Landscape

459

(1)

PALM TREES

460

(2)

SHRUBS

462

(6)

Slow-growing Shrubs

463

(1)

Fast-growing Shrubs

464

(1)

Shrubs into Small Trees

465

(1)

Hedges

466

(2)

Roses

468

(1)

VINES

468

(3)

FURTHER READING

471

(2)

15 CONTROL OF PLANT GROWTH

473

(11)

STIMULATION OF GROWTH

473

(1)

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PLANT HEIGHT

474

(5)

Growth Control Mechanisms and Chemicals

474

(1)

Antigibberellins

474

(5)

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF TRUNK SPROUTS

479

(1)

KILLING WOODY PLANTS

480

(3)

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF FLOWERING AND FRUIT SET

483

(1)

16 TREE HAZARD MANAGEMENT

484

(26)

INSPECTING TREES FOR HAZARD

485

(3)

Visual Tree Assessment

486

(1)

Inspection Period

487

(1)

FACTORS INFLUENCING TREE FAILURE

488

(3)

Defects

488

(1)

Species

488

(1)

Size and Age

489

(1)

Site

489

(1)

Maintenance Practices

490

(1)

Target

491

(1)

NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES OF TREE FAILURE

491

(5)

Tree Structure

491

(2)

Summer Branch Drop

493

(1)

Increased Exposure

494

(1)

Root Loss

494

(1)

Unstable Rooting

495

(1)

Girdling Roots

495

(1)

Leaning Trees

495

(1)

Unfavorable Soil Conditions

495

(1)

Frost Cracks and Lightning Scars

495

(1)

Dead Trees and Branches

496

(1)

INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF TREE FAILURE

496

(10)

Decay

496

(9)

Root and Root Collar Diseases

505

(1)

Cankers

506

(1)

TREE-HAZARD MANAGEMENT

506

(2)

Hazard Rating Systems

507

(1)

HAZARD ABATEMENT

508

(1)

FURTHER READING

508

(2)

17 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

510

(26)

CABLING AND BRACING

510

(16)

A Note of Caution on the Use of Support Systems

511

(2)

Cabling

513

(8)

Bolting or Rod Bracing

521

(3)

Propping

524

(1)

Removing Support Systems

525

(1)

WOUNDS

526

(7)

Injection Wounds

528

(1)

Treating Wounds

529

(4)

CAVITIES

533

(1)

Treating Cavities

533

(1)

TREE REMOVAL

534

(1)

FURTHER READING

535

(1)

18 DIAGNOSING PLANT PROBLEMS

536

(56)

THE DIAGNOSIS

536

(10)

Evaluating Symptoms and Signs

537

(3)

A Diagnostic Approach

540

(2)

Diagnostic Tools

542

(3)

Collecting Samples

545

(1)

IDENTIFYING COMMON PLANT PROBLEMS

546

(4)

Distinguishing What Is Normal and Abnormal

547

(3)

NONINFECTIOUS INJURIES AND DISORDERS

550

(15)

Mechanical Injury

550

(5)

Chemical Injury

555

(4)

Thermal Injury

559

(1)

Nutrient Deficiency

559

(1)

Problems Related to Soil and Roots

560

(4)

Air Quality

564

(1)

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

565

(13)

Leaf Diseases

568

(1)

Cankers

569

(1)

Causal Agents of Infectious Diseases

570

(8)

Sources of Help

578

(1)

FURTHER READING

578

(14)

19 PLANT HEALTH CARE: THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPE TREES, SHRUBS, AND VINES

592

(21)

THE ESSENCE OF PLANT HEALTH CARE

593

(1)

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

594

(2)

KEY PRINCIPLES OF PLANT HEALTH CARE AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ARBORICULTURE

596

(2)

Key Pest, Key Plant, Key Stress

596

(1)

Action Thresholds

596

(1)

Monitoring

597

(1)

CONTROL OPTIONS

598

(8)

Regulatory Control

598

(1)

Genetic Control

598

(1)

Biological Control

599

(1)

Cultural Control

600

(2)

Chemical Control

602

(4)

AN EXAMPLE OF A PLANT HEALTH CARE APPROACH: THE GYPSY MOTH

606

(5)

Symptoms

607

(1)

Treatment Approaches

607

(1)

General PHC Tactics for Gypsy Moth

607

(2)

Part of More Complete PHC Program

609

(1)

Public PHC Intervention

609

(2)

FURTHER READING

611

(2)

APPENDIXES

613

(9)

I. SPECIFICATIONS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF NURSERY TREES AT THE TIME OF DELIVERY

613

(3)

II. PRUNING SPECIFICATIONS

616

(4)

III. MEASUREMENT CONVERSIONS

620

(2)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

622

(38)

GLOSSARY

660

(17)

INDEX

677

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Arboriculture

Arboriculture

9780133866650

0133866653

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Arboriculture

Arboriculture

9780133866650

0133866653

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Related Products