Even the most seasoned Middle East observers were taken aback by the events of early 2011. Protests born of oppression and socioeconomic frustration erupted throughout the streets; public unrest provoked violent police backlash; long-established dictatorships fell. How did this all happen? What might the future look like, and what are the likely ramifications for the United States and the rest of the world? In The Arab Awakening, experts from the Brookings Institution tackle such questions to make sense of this tumultuous region that remains at the heart of U.S. national interests. The first portion of The Arab Awakeningoffers broad lessons by analyzing key aspects of the Mideast turmoil, such as public opinion trends within the "Arab Street"; the role of social media and technology; socioeconomic and demographic conditions; the influence of Islamists; and the impact of the new political order on the Arab-Israeli peace process. The next section looks at the countries themselves, finding commonalties and grouping them according to the political evolutions that have (or have not) occurred in each country. The section offers insight into the current situation, and possible trajectory of each group of countries, followed by individual nation studies. The Arab Awakeningbrings the full resources of Brookings to bear on making sense of what may turn out to be the most significant geopolitical movement of this generation. It is essential reading for anyone looking to understand these developments and their consequences. Contents Part I: Understanding the Transformation of the Middle East Part II: The New Democracies Part III: The Struggle for Reform Part IV: The Civil Wars Part V: The Basket Cases: What Now? Conclusion: A New American Grand Strategy for the Middle East Authors include Daniel Byman, Khaled Elgindy, Stephen Grand, Shadi Hamid, Suzanne Maloney, Kenneth M. Pollack, Bruce Riedel, Salman Shaikh, Ibrahim Sharquieh, and Shibley Telhami.