Aqueous Processing of Materials focuses on the use of water and water-based chemicals to process raw materials from the earth and transform them into technologically useful materials. In industrial practice, the conversion of raw materials to desired products invariably involves a succession of treatment steps. The approach taken in this text is to present a comprehensive overview of aqueous processing as related to metal extraction, materials processing and recycling, and explore how these processes share common unit operations and processes. The aim of this text to is to present an integrated, input-to-output, unified treatment of the chemical and engineering principles underlying the aqueous processing of metals, especially hydrometallurgical extraction, materials synthesis and processing, recycling, and enviromentally successful effluent treatment.