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Applying Career Development: Theory To Counseling

ISBN: 9780534272456 | 0534272452
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 8/9/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
Richard Sharf goes beyond simply presenting theory to show the reader how to apply the principles in a counseling setting, making this book useful for both practicing counselors and counselors in training. Sharf covers three major theoretical areas (trait and type, life-span, and special-focus theories) in Parts I-III, then discusses theoretical integration in Part IV, with each theory providing a unique perspective on career development. The book also offers numerous case examples, discusses career assessment from a practical and theoretical p... MORE
Introduction
1(22)
The Role of Theory in Psychology
3(2)
Counselors' Use of Career Development Theory
... MORE		5(2)
Client Population
5(1)
Theories of Counseling and Theories of Career Development
6(1)
Chunking
6(1)
Counselor Skills
7(8)
Helping Skills
7(4)
Assessment Instruments
11(3)
Providing Occupational Information
14(1)
How Career Development Theory Relates to Career Counseling
15(1)
Goals of Career Counseling
15(1)
Goals, Career Development Theory, and Ethics
16(1)
Autonomy
16(1)
Nonmaleficence
16(1)
Beneficence
16(1)
Justice
17(1)
Fidelity
17(1)
Career Development of Women
17(1)
Career Development of Culturally Diverse Populations
18(1)
What's Ahead
18(2)
References
20(3)
Part One Trait and Type Theories
23(120)
Trait and Factor Theory
25(38)
Step 1: Gaining Self-Understanding
27(10)
Aptitudes
28(2)
Achievement
30(1)
Interests
31(1)
Values
32(2)
Personality
34(2)
Example of Step 1
36(1)
Step 2: Obtaining Knowledge About the World of Work
37(15)
Types of Occupational Information
38(1)
Classification Systems
39(7)
Trait and Factor Requirements
46(4)
What the Counselor Needs to Know
50(1)
Example of Step 2
51(1)
Step 3: Integrating Information About One's Self and the World of Work
52(2)
How the Counselor Can Help
53(1)
Example of Step 3
53(1)
Applying the Theory to Women
54(2)
Applying the Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations
56(2)
Counselor Issues
58(1)
Summary
59(1)
References
59(4)
Work Adjustment Theory
63(27)
Step 1: Assessing Abilities, Values, Personality, and Interests
65(7)
Abilities
65(1)
Values
66(3)
Personality Styles
69(1)
Interests
69(1)
A Counseling Example
69(3)
Step 2: Measuring the Requirements and Conditions of Occupations
72(2)
Ability Patterns
72(1)
Value Patterns
72(1)
Combining Ability and Value Patterns
73(1)
Step 3: Matching Abilities, Values, and Reinforcers
74(4)
Job Adjustment Counseling
78(2)
Adjustment to Retirement
80(2)
New Developments
82(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
82(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
84(1)
Applying the Theory to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations
84(1)
Counselor Issues
85(1)
Summary
86(1)
References
87(3)
Holland's Theory of Types
90(24)
The Six Types
91(5)
Realistic
92(1)
Investigative
93(1)
Artistic
93(1)
Social
94(1)
Enterprising
95(1)
Conventional
96(1)
Combinations of Types
96(2)
Explanatory Constructs
98(5)
Congruence
98(1)
Differentiation
99(2)
Consistency
101(1)
Identity
102(1)
Research on Holland's Constructs
103(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
105(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
105(1)
Applying the Theory to Women
106(1)
Applying the Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations
107(2)
Counselor Issues
109(1)
Summary
110(1)
References
110(4)
Myers-Briggs Type Theory
114(29)
Perceiving and Judging
116(4)
The Two Ways of Perceiving
116(1)
The Two Ways of Judging
117(1)
Combinations of Perceiving and Judging
117(1)
Two Counseling Examples
118(2)
The Preference for Perception or Judgment
120(1)
Extraversion and Introversion
120(1)
The Sixteen Type Combinations
121(1)
Dominant and Auxiliary Processes
121(4)
Using the Myers-Briggs Typology in Counseling
125(9)
Example of Career Decision-Making Counseling
125(6)
Example of Career Adjustment Counseling
131(3)
The Role of Occupational Information
134(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
135(2)
Applying the Theory to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations
137(1)
Counselor Issues
138(1)
Summary
139(1)
References
139(4)
Part Two Life-Span Theory
143(118)
Career Development in Childhood
145(28)
Super's Model of the Career Development of Children
146(9)
Curiosity
146(2)
Exploration
148(1)
Information
149(1)
Key Figures
150(1)
Internal versus External Control
151(1)
Development of Interests
151(1)
Time Perspective
152(1)
Self-Concept and Planfulness
152(3)
Using Super's Model in Counseling Children
155(1)
Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
156(9)
Circumscription
158(3)
Compromise
161(2)
Implications of Gottfredson's Theory for Super's Theory
163(1)
Use of Gottfredson's and Super's Concepts in Counseling
164(1)
Career Development of Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds
165(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
167(2)
Occupational Information in Counseling
167(1)
School-to-Work Programs Designed for Children
167(2)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
169(1)
Counselor Issues
169(1)
Summary
169(1)
References
170(3)
Adolescent Career Development
173(30)
Factors Influencing Adolescent Career Development
174(1)
Ginzberg's Tentative Stage of Adolescent Career Development
175(5)
Development of Interests
175(1)
Development of Capacities
176(1)
Development of Values
176(1)
Transition Period
177(1)
Comparison of Super's and Ginzberg's Stages
177(2)
A Counseling Example
179(1)
Career Maturity
180(6)
Super's Conception of Career Maturity
181(4)
Using the Concept of Career Maturity in Counseling
185(1)
Identity and Context
186(4)
A Counseling Example
188(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
190(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
191(1)
Gender Issues in Adolescence
191(3)
Implications for Counseling
193(1)
A Counseling Example
193(1)
Career Development of Adolescents from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds
194(3)
Case Example
196(1)
Counselor Issues
197(1)
Summary
198(1)
References
198(5)
Late Adolescent and Adult Career Development
203(33)
Role Salience
204(5)
Life Roles
204(2)
Indicators of the Salience of Life Roles
206(3)
Adult Life Stages
209(15)
Exploration
211(4)
Establishment
215(4)
Maintenance
219(2)
Disengagement
221(1)
Recycling
222(2)
Life Stages of Women
224(3)
Life Stages of Culturally Diverse Adults
227(4)
Counselor Issues
231(1)
Summary
231(1)
References
232(4)
Adult Career Crises and Transitions
236(25)
Types of Transitions
237(1)
Categories of Career Transitions
237(3)
Models of Transitions and Crises
240(1)
Hopson and Adams's Model of Adult Transitions
241(5)
Immobilization
241(1)
Minimization
242(1)
Self-Doubt
243(1)
Letting Go
244(1)
Testing Out
244(1)
Search for Meaning
245(1)
Internalization
245(1)
Career Crises Affecting Women
246(7)
Temporary Reentry into and Leave-Taking from the Labor Force
247(1)
Sexual Harassment
248(5)
Career Crises Affecting Culturally Diverse Populations
253(1)
Counselor Issues
254(1)
Summary
255(1)
References
255(6)
Part Three Special Focus Theories
261(148)
Constructivist and Narrative Approaches to Career Development
263(23)
Personal Construct Psychology
264(7)
The Vocational Reptest
265(1)
Laddering Techniques
266(4)
Vocational Card Sort
270(1)
Narrative Counseling
271(10)
Storytelling
272(1)
Goals of Assessment in Narrative Counseling
272(1)
Narrative Career Counseling
273(1)
Cochran's Narrative Career Counseling
274(7)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
281(1)
The Role of Occupational Information
281(1)
Applying the Theories to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations
282(1)
Counselor Issues
283(1)
Summary
283(1)
References
284(2)
Relational Approaches to Career Development
286(20)
Roe's Personality Development Theory
287(2)
The Three Types of Parental Attitudes
287(1)
Orientation Toward or Away from People
288(1)
Relationship of Parental Style to Occupational Selection
288(1)
Research Support
289(1)
Attachment Theory
289(2)
Parent-Child Career Interactions
291(2)
Family Systems Therapy
293(1)
Phillips's Developmental-Relational Model
294(7)
Actions of Others
295(2)
Self-Directedness
297(2)
Counseling Example of the Developmental-Relational Model
299(2)
Applying the Theories to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations
301(1)
Summary
302(1)
References
302(4)
Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory
306(24)
Genetic Endowment
307(1)
Environmental Conditions and Events
307(3)
Social Factors
309(1)
Educational Conditions
309(1)
Occupational Conditions
309(1)
Learning Experiences
310(1)
Instrumental Learning Experiences (H)
310(1)
Associative Learning Experiences (O)
310(1)
Task-Approach Skills
311(1)
Client Cognitive and Behavioral Skills
311(2)
Self-Observation Generalizations about Abilities
311(1)
Self-Observation Generalizations about Interests
312(1)
Self-Observation Generalizations about Values
312(1)
Generalizations about the World
312(1)
Task-Approach Skills Used in Career Decision Making
313(1)
Counselor Behavioral Strategies
313(3)
Reinforcement
313(1)
Role Models
314(1)
Role-Playing
315(1)
Simulation
315(1)
Cognitive Strategies for Counseling
316(2)
Goal Clarification
316(1)
Counter a Troublesome Belief
317(1)
Look for Inconsistencies Between Words and Actions
317(1)
Cognitive Rehearsal
317(1)
Social Learning Theory Goals for Career Counseling
318(2)
Applying Planned Happenstance Theory to Career Counseling
320(6)
Step 1: Normalize Planned Happenstance in the Client's History
321(2)
Step 2: Assist Clients to Transform Curiosity into Opportunities for Learning and Exploration
323(1)
Step 3: Teach Clients to Produce Desirable Chance Events
323(1)
Step 4: Teach Clients to Overcome Blocks to Action
324(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
326(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
326(1)
Applying Social Learning Theory to Women
326(1)
Applying Social Learning Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations
327(1)
Counselor Issues
327(1)
Summary
328(1)
References
328(2)
Social Cognitive Career Theory
330(17)
Self-Efficacy
331(2)
Outcome Expectations
333(1)
Goals
334(1)
Contextual Factors: Barriers and Supports
334(1)
Social Cognitive Model of Career Choice
335(2)
Counseling Example
337(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
339(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
340(1)
Applying Social Cognitive Career Theory to Women
340(2)
Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations
342(1)
Counselor Issues
343(1)
Summary
343(1)
References
344(3)
Career Decision-Making Approaches
347(30)
A Spiritual Perspective on Decision Making
348(10)
Lifecareer Theory
349(1)
Personal and Common Realities
349(1)
Spirituality
350(3)
A Spiritual Approach to Career Counseling
353(1)
A Case Example of Spiritual Counseling
354(2)
A Holistic Approach to Life Planning
356(2)
A Cognitive Information-Processing Approach
358(14)
Assumptions of a Cognitive Information-Processing Approach
359(1)
The Pyramid of Information Processing
360(8)
The Executive Processing Domain
368(2)
Career Decision Making
370(1)
Career Thoughts Inventory
370(2)
The Role of Occupational Information
372(1)
The Role of Assessment Instruments
372(1)
Applying the Theories to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations
373(1)
Counselor Issues
373(1)
Summary
374(1)
References
374(3)
The Labor Market: Sociological and Economic Perspectives
377(32)
The United States Labor Market
378(4)
Sociological and Economic Approaches
382(1)
Youth Employment
383(2)
Effect of the Work Environment on the Individual
385(1)
Status Attainment Theory
386(4)
Human Capital Theory
390(2)
Structure of the Labor Market
392(2)
Women and Discrimination in the Workplace
394(5)
Culturally Diverse Individuals and Discrimination in the Workplace
399(3)
Summary
402(1)
References
403(6)
Part Four Theoretical Integration
409(26)
Theories in Combination
411(24)
Combining Theories
412(5)
Combining Life-Span Theory with Trait and Factor and Career Decision-Making Theories
412(4)
Combining Trait and Factor Theories
416(1)
Combining Career Decision-Making Theories
417(1)
The Counselor's Choice
417(1)
Noncounseling Applications of Theories
417(4)
Screening Methods
417(3)
Paper-and-Pencil Materials
420(1)
Computerized Guidance Systems
420(1)
Internet
421(1)
Special Counseling Issues
421(4)
Group Career Counseling
422(1)
Career Counseling as a Related Issue
423(1)
Changing Work Settings
424(1)
Placement Counseling
424(1)
Use of Assessment Instruments in Theories
425(1)
Occupational Classification Systems and Career Development Theories
426(2)
How Theories Apply to Career Development Issues of Women
428(1)
How Theories Apply to Cultural Diversity Issues in Career Development
429(1)
Counselor Issues
430(2)
Trait and Factor Theories
431(1)
Life-Span Theories
431(1)
Career Decision-Making Theories
431(1)
Sociological and Economic Approaches
432(1)
Conclusion
432(1)
References
432(3)
Appendix A National Career Development Association Ethical Standards435(8)
Appendix B Tests and Their Publishers443(2)
Appendix C Web Sites445(2)
Author Index447(8)
Subject Index455

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