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| Preface to Second Edition | p. ix |
| Preface | p. x |
| Note to the Instructor | p. xi |
| Phonetics | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Phonetic Transcription | p. 1 |
| Description and Articulation of Sounds of English | p. 4 |
| The vocal tract | p. 4 |
| Voicing | p. 5 |
| Places of articulation | p. 6 |
| Manners of articulation | p... MORE |
| Voice onset time | p. 9 |
| Vowels and diphthongs | p. 11 |
| Additional Sounds | p. 12 |
| States of the glottis | p. 12 |
| Places and manners of articulation | p. 13 |
| Secondary articulations | p. 15 |
| Consonants made with non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms | p. 17 |
| Vowels | p. 18 |
| Cardinal Vowels | p. 19 |
| Syllables and Suprasegmentals | p. 20 |
| Summary | p. 23 |
| Exercises | p. 24 |
| Phonology | p. 30 |
| Introduction | p. 30 |
| Complementary versus Overlapping Distribution | p. 31 |
| Overlapping distribution and contrast | p. 31 |
| Complementary distribution | p. 33 |
| Phonemic Analysis: A Mini-demo | p. 37 |
| Free Variation | p. 45 |
| Morphophonology | p. 45 |
| Practical Uses of Phonological Analysis | p. 48 |
| Summary | p. 51 |
| Exercises | p. 52 |
| English Consonants | p. 57 |
| Stops | p. 57 |
| Fricatives | p. 62 |
| Affricates | p. 65 |
| Nasals | p. 67 |
| Approximants | p. 68 |
| Sociophonetic Variation | p. 71 |
| Summary | p. 72 |
| Exercises | p. 73 |
| English Vowels | p. 77 |
| Introduction | p. 77 |
| Vowel Set of American English | p. 77 |
| Phonetic properties of vowels | p. 78 |
| Tense-lax | p. 79 |
| Nasalized vowels | p. 80 |
| Length | p. 80 |
| Vowels before /$$$/ | p. 81 |
| Vowels before /l/ | p. 82 |
| Front Vowels | p. 83 |
| Central Vowels | p. 84 |
| Back Vowels | p. 84 |
| Diphthongs | p. 86 |
| Sociophonetic Variation | p. 88 |
| Non-US Varieties | p. 89 |
| Full Vowels-Reduced Vowels | p. 92 |
| Full (Strong) Forms versus Reduced (Weak) Forms of Function Words | p. 93 |
| Summary | p. 96 |
| Exercises | p. 97 |
| Acoustics of Vowels and Consonants | p. 100 |
| Introduction | p. 100 |
| Vowels | p. 102 |
| Diphthongs | p. 106 |
| Consonants | p. 107 |
| Stops | p. 107 |
| Fricatives | p. 111 |
| Affricates | p. 114 |
| Approximants | p. 115 |
| Nasals | p. 115 |
| Putting It Together | p. 116 |
| Context | p. 119 |
| Practical Applications: Some Examples | p. 121 |
| Summary | p. 124 |
| Appendix | p. 125 |
| Exercises | p. 127 |
| Syllables | p. 131 |
| Introduction | p. 131 |
| Number of Syllables | p. 134 |
| Sonority | p. 135 |
| Syllabification | p. 137 |
| English Syllable Phonotactics | p. 139 |
| Single onsets | p. 140 |
| Double onsets | p. 140 |
| Triple onsets | p. 142 |
| Codas | p. 142 |
| Double codas | p. 143 |
| Triple codas | p. 143 |
| Written Syllabification | p. 146 |
| Syllable Weight and Ambisyllabicity | p. 149 |
| Practical Applications | p. 151 |
| Summary | p. 153 |
| Exercises | p. 154 |
| Stress and Intonation | p. 156 |
| Introduction | p. 156 |
| Noun and Adjective Stress | p. 157 |
| Verb Stress | p. 160 |
| Secondary Stress | p. 162 |
| Affixes | p. 164 |
| Stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes | p. 165 |
| Stress-neutral suffixes | p. 165 |
| Stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes | p. 166 |
| Stress in Compounds | p. 168 |
| Differences between American and British English | p. 169 |
| Intonation | p. 172 |
| Variations among the Varieties | p. 177 |
| Summary | p. 178 |
| Exercises | p. 180 |
| Structural Factors in Second Language Phonology | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| Mini Contrastive Analyses | p. 185 |
| Spanish-English | p. 185 |
| Turkish-English | p. 190 |
| Greek-English | p. 192 |
| French-English | p. 193 |
| German-English | p. 195 |
| Arabic-English | p. 196 |
| Russian-English | p. 198 |
| Korean-English | p. 199 |
| Portuguese-English | p. 201 |
| Persian (Farsi)-English | p. 203 |
| Differential Treatment of Mismatches | p. 204 |
| Basic vs. derived context | p. 206 |
| Deflected contrast | p. 206 |
| Hypercontrast | p. 207 |
| Markedness | p. 207 |
| Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM) | p. 212 |
| Optimality Theory (OT) | p. 214 |
| Perception | p. 219 |
| Summary | p. 225 |
| Exercises | p. 227 |
| Spelling and Pronunciation | p. 230 |
| Irregularity of English Spelling | p. 230 |
| Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences in English | p. 231 |
| Consonants | p. 232 |
| Vowels | p. 236 |
| Morphological Basis of English Spelling | p. 241 |
| American English vs. British English | p. 243 |
| Summary | p. 245 |
| Exercises | p. 246 |
| Recommended Readings | p. 249 |
| Appendix: List of Sound Files | p. 252 |
| Glossary | p. 257 |
| References | p. 261 |
| Index | p. 268 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |