The book presents the current state of the art in the field of vascular biology, investigating cellular and molecular aspects of blood vessel formation and their functioning in health and diseases. The major players involved in the formation of blood vessels are presented by scientists actively involved in this area of research. Special emphasis is put on the presentation of various molecular mechanisms not addressed in similar works to date.The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes the cells and cellular mediators in angiogenesis. The second focuses on cell biology, with special emphasis on the role and mechanisms of gasotransmitters and reactive oxygen species; particularly, the role of microRNAs is addressed from various perspectives, including their basic mechanisms of action in endothelial cells and their progenitors and the role they might play in diseases. In the third part the pathological aspects of disturbed aggravated or impaired vascularisation are discussed and new modalities for potential therapies are presented. The book is intended for scientists and PhD students in the fields of vascular biology, cancer research and immunology as well as for medical professionals in the fields of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, oncology and rheumatoid arthritis.