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The American Nation A History of the United States, Combined Volume

by: Carnes, Mark C.; Garraty, John A.

The American Nation A History of the United States, Combined Volume

by: Carnes, Mark C.; Garraty, John A.

ISBN 13:
9780205790449
ISBN 10:
0205790445
Edition: 14th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/03/2011
Publisher: PRENTICE HALL SCHOOL GROUP
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The American Nation A History of the United States, Combined Volume > ISBN13: 9780205790449

Summary

The American Nation#x19;s pedagogical mission is to show#xA0;readers how history connects to the experiences and expectations that mark their lives. The authors pursue that mission through a variety of distinctive features, including an innovative art program and provocative chapter-opening questions and essays to engage readers.

Author Biography

Mark C. Carnes

Mark C. Carnes received his undergraduate degree from Harvard and his Ph.D in history from Columbia University. He has chaired both the history and American studies departments at Barnard College and Columbia University, where he serves as the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of History. Carnes and Garraty were general editors of the 26-volume American National Biography, for which they were awarded the Waldo Leland Prize of the American Historical Association. Carnes has published numerous books on American social and cultural history, including Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (1989), Past Imperfect: History According to the Movies (1995), Novel History: Historians and Novelists Confront America’s Past (2001) and Invisible Giants: 50 Americans That Shaped the Nation but Missed the History Books (2002). Carnes also pioneered the Reacting to the Past pedagogy, which won the Theodore Hesburgh Award as the top outstanding pedagogical innovation in the nation (2004). In Reacting to the Past, college students play elaborate games, set in the past, their roles informed by classic texts. (For more on Reacting, see: www.barnard.edu/reacting.) In 2005 the American Historical Association named Carnes the recipient of the William Gilbert Prize for the best article on teaching history.

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

PROLOGUE: BEGINNINGS

CHAPTER 1 ALIEN ENCOUNTERS: EUROPE IN THE AMERICAS

Columbus's Great Triumph and Error

Spain's American Empire

Extending Spain's Empire to the North

Disease and Population Losses

Ecological Imperialism

The Protestant Reformation

English Beginnings in America

The Settlement of Virginia

"Purifying" the Church of England

Bradford and Plymouth Colony

Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay Colony

Troublemakers: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Other New England Colonies

Pequot War and King Philip's War

Maryland and the Carolinas

French and Dutch Settlements

The Middle Colonies

Cultural Collisions

Cultural Fusions

DEBATING THE PAST How Many Indians Perished with European Settlement?

RE-VIEWING THE PAST Black Robe

CHAPTER 2 AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE MAKING

Settlement of New France

Society in New Mexico, Texas, and California

The English Prevail on the Atlantic Seabord

The Chesapeake Colonies

The Lure of Land

"Solving" the Labor Shortage: Slavery

Prosperity in a Pipe: Tobacco

Bacon's Rebellion

The Carolinas

Home and Family in the South

Georgia and the Back Country

Puritan New England

The Puritan Family

Visable Puritan Saints and Others

Democracies without Democrats

The Dominion of New England

Salem Bewitched

Higher Education in New England

A Merchant's World

The Middle Colonies: Economic Basis

The Middle Colonies: An Intermingling of Peoples

"The Best Poor Man's Country"

The Politics of Diversity

Becoming Americans

RE-VIEWING THE PAST The Crucible

CHAPTER 3 AMERICA IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE

The British Colonial System

Mercantilism

The Navigation Acts

The Effects of Mercantilism

The Great Awakening

The Rise and Fall of Jonathan Edwards

The Enlightenment in America

Colonial Scientific Achievements

Repercussions of Distant Wars

The Great War for the Empire

Britain Victorious: The Peace of Paris

Burdens of an Expanded Empire

Tightening Imperial Controls

The Sugar Act

American Colonists Demand Rights

The Stamp Act: The Pot Set to Boiling

Rioters or Rebels?

The Declaratory Act

The Townshend Duties

The Boston Massacre

The Boiling Pot Spills Over

The Tea Act Crisis

From Resistance to Revolution

AMERICAN LIVES Eunice Williams/Gannenstenhawi

DEBATING THE PAST Do Artists Depict Historical Subjects Accurately?

CHAPTER 4 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

The Shot Heard Round the World

The Second Continental Congress

The Battle of Bunker Hill

The Great Declaration

1776: The Balance of Forces

Loyalists

The British Take New York City

Saratoga and the French Alliance

The War Moves South

Victory at Yorktown

Negotiating a Favorable Peace

National Government under the Articles of Confederation

Financing the War

State Republican Governments

Social Reform and Antislavery

Women and the Revolution

Growth of a National Spirit

The Great Land Ordinances

National Heroes

A National Culture

DEBATING THE PAST Was the American Revolution Rooted in Class Struggle?

RE-VIEWING THE PAST The Patriot

CHAPTER 5 THE FEDERALIST ERA: NATIONALISM TRIUMPHANT

Inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation

Daniel Shays's "Little Rebellion"

To Philadelphia, and the Constitution

The Great Convention

The Compromises that Produced the Constitution

Washington as President

Congress under Way

Hamilton and Financial Reform

The Ohio Country: A Dark and Bloody Ground

Revolution in France

Federalists and Republicans: The Rise of Political Parities

1794: Crisis and Resolution

Jay's Treaty

1795: All's Well that Ends Well

Washington's Farewell

The Election of 1796

The XYZ Affair

The Alien and Sedition Acts

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves

MAPPING THE PAST Radical Frontiersmen vs. Conservative Easterners in the 1780s

CHAPTER 6 JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY

Jefferson Elected President

The Federalist Contribution

Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist

Jefferson as President

Jefferson's Attack on the Judiciary

The Barbary Pirates

The Louisiana Purchase

The Federalists Discredited

Lewis and Clark

The Burr Conspiracy

Napoleon and the British

The Impressment Controversy

The Embargo Act

Jeffersonian Democracy

DEBATING THE PAST Did Thomas Jefferson Father a Child by His Slave?

MAPPING THE PAST A Water Route to the Pacific?

CHAPTER 7 NATIONAL GROWING PAINS

Madison in Power

Tecumseh and Indian Resistance

Depression and Land Hunger

Opponents of War

The War of 1812

Britain Assumes the Offensive

"The Star Spangled Banner"

The Treaty of Ghent

The Hartford Convention

The Battle of New Orleans and the End of the War

Anglo-American Rapprochement

The Transcontinental Treaty

The Monroe Doctrine

The Era of Good Feelings

New Sectional Issues

New Leaders

The Missouri Compromise

Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams as President

Calhoun's Exposition and Protest

The Meaning of Sectionalism

MAPPING THE PAST North-South Sectionalism Intensifies

CHAPTER 8 TOWARD A NATIONAL ECONOMY

Gentility and the Consumer Revolution

Birth of the Factory

An Industrial Proletariat?

Lowell's Waltham System: Women as Factory Workers

Irish and German Immigrants

The Persistence of the Household System

Rise of Corporations

Cotton Revolutionizes the South

Revival of Slavery

Roads to Market

Transportation and the Government

Development of Steamboats

The Canal Boom

New York City: Emporium of the Western World

The Marshall Court

MAPPING THE PAST The Making of the Working Class

DEBATING THE PAST Was There a "Market Revolution" in the Early 1800s?

CHAPTER 9JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

"Democratizing" Politics

1828: The New Party System in Embryo

The Jacksonian Appeal

The Spoils System

President of All of the People

Sectional Tensions Revived

Jackson: "The Bank. . . I will Kill It!"

Jackson's Bank Veto

Jackson versus Calhoun

Indian Removals

The Nullification Crisis

Boom and Bust

The Jacksonians

Rise of the Whigs

Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism without Jackson

The Log Cabin Campaign

DEBATING THE PAST For Whom Did Jackson Fight?

AMERICAN LIVES Davy Crockett

CHAPTER 10 THE MAKING OF MIDDLE-CLASS AMERICA

Tocqueville: Democracy in America

The Family Recast

The Second Great Awakening

The Era of Associations

Backwoods Utopias

The Age of Reform

"Demon Rum"

The Abolitionist Crusade

Women's Rights

The Romantic View of Life

Emerson and Thoreau

Edgar Allan Poe

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Herman Melville

Walt Whitman

Reading and the Dissemination of Culture

Education for Democracy

The State of the Colleges

MAPPING THE PAST Family Size: Northeast vs. Frontier

CHAPTER 11 WESTWARD EXPANSION

Tyler's Troubles

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty

The Texas Question

Manifest Destiny

Life on the Trail

California and Oregon

The Election of 1844

Polk as President

War with Mexico

To the Halls of Montezuma

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Fruits of Victory: Further Enlargement of the United States

Slavery: Storm Clouds Gather

The Election of 1848

The Gold Rush

The Compromise of 1850

DEBATING THE PAST Did the Frontier Change Women's Roles?

RE-VIEWING THE PAST The Alamo

CHAPTER 12 THE SECTIONS GO THEIR OWN WAYS

The South

The Economics of Slavery

Antebellum Plantation Life

The Sociology of Slavery

Psychological Effects of Slavery

Manufacturing in the South

The Northern Industrial Juggernaut

A Nation of Immigrants

How Wage Earners Lived

Progress and Poverty

Foreign Commerce

Steam Conquers the Atlantic

Canals and Railroads

Financing the Railroads

Railroads and the Economy

Railroads and the Sectional Conflict

The Economy on the Eve of Civil War

AMERICAN LIVES Sojourner Truth

DEBATING THE PAST Did Slaves and Masters Form Emotional Bonds?

CHAPTER 13 THE COMING OF THE CIVI WAR

Slave-Catchers Come North

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Diversions Abroad: The "Young America" Movement

Stephen Douglas: "The Little Giant"

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Know-Nothings, Republicans, and the Demise of the Two-Party System

"Bleeding Kansas"

Senator Sumner Becomes a Martyr for Abolitionism

Buchanan Tries His Hand

The Dred Scott Decision

The Proslavery Lecompton Constitution

The Emergence of Lincoln

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

John Brown's Raid

The Election of 1860

The Secession Crisis

MAPPING THE PAST Runaway Slaves: Hard Realities

DEBATING THE PAST Was the Civil War Avoidable?

CHAPTER 14 THE WAR TO SAVE THE UNION

Lincoln's Cabinet

Fort Sumter: The First Shot

The Blue and the Gray

The Test of Battle: Bull Run

Paying for the War

Politics as Usual

Behind Confederate Lines

War in the West: Shiloh

McClellan: The Reluctant Warrior

Lee Counterattacks: Antietam

The Emancipation Proclamation

The Draft Riots

The Emancipated People

African-American Soldiers

Antietam to Gettysburg

Lincoln Finds His General: Grant at Vicksburg

Economic and Social Effects, North and South

Women in Wartime

Grand in the Wilderness

Sherman in Georgia

To Appomattox Court House

Winners, Losers, and the Future

DEBATING THE PAST Why Did the South Lose the Civil War?

RE-VIEWING THE PAST Glory

CHAPTER 15 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE SOUTH

The Assasination of Lincoln

Presidential Reconstruction

Republican Radicals

Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction

The Fourteenth Amendment

The Reconstruction Acts

Congress Supreme

The Fifteenth Amendment

"Black Republican" Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers

The Ravaged Land

Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System

-The White Backlash

Grant as President

The Disputed Election of 1876

The Compromise of 1877

DEBATING THE PAST Were Reconstruction Governments Corrupt?

MAPPING THE PAST The Politics of Reconstruction

RE-VIEWING THE PAST Cold Mountain

CHAPTER 16 THE CONQUEST OF THE WEST

The West after the Civil War

The Plains Indians

Indian Wars

The Destruction of Tribal Life

The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West

Farmers Struggle to Keep Up

Big Business and the Land Bonanza

Western Railroad Building

The Cattle Kingdom

Open-Range Ranching

Barbed-Wire Warfare

DEBATING THE PAST Did the Frontier Promote Individualism and Democracy?

AMERICAN LIVES Nat Love

CHAPTER 17 AN INDUSTRIAL GIANT EMERGES

Essentials of Industrial Growth

Railroads: The First Big Business

Iron, Oil, and Electricity

Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads

Competition and Monopoly: Steel

Competition and Monopoly: Oil

Competition and Monopoly: Retailing and Utilities

American Ambivalence to Big Business

Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd

Reformers: The Marxists

The Government Reacts to BIg Business: Railroad Regulation

The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act

The Labor Union Movement

The American Federation of Labor

Labor Millitancy Rebuffed

Whither America, Whither Democracy?

MAPPING THE PAST Were the Railroads Indispensable?

CHAPTER 18 AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE

Middle-Class Life

Skilled and Unskilled Workers

Working Women

Working-Class Family Life

Working-Class Attitudes

Working Your Way Up

The "New" Immigration

New Immigrants Face New Nativism

The Expanding City and Its Problems

Teeming Tenements

The Cities Modernize

Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games

Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel

The Settlement Houses

Civilization and Its Discontents

DEBATING THE PAST Did Immigrants Assimilate?

MAPPING THE PAST CHOLERA A New Disease Strikes the Nation

CHAPTER 19 INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURAL TRENDS IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Colleges and Universities

Revolution in the Social Sciences

Progressive Education

Law and History

Realism in Literature

Mark Twain

William Dean Howells

Henry James

Realism in Art

The Pragmatic Approach

The Knowledge Revolution

AMERICAN LIVES Charlotte Perkins Gilman

CHAPTER 20 FROM SMOKE-FILLED ROOMS TO PRAIRIE WILDFIRE: 1877-1896

Congress Ascendant

Recurrent Issues

Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issues

Lackluster Presidents: From Hayes to Harrison

African Americans in the South After Reconstruction

Booker T. Washington: A "Reasonable" Champion for African Americans

City Bosses

Crops and Complaints

The Populist Movement

Showdown on Silver

The Depression of 1893

The Election of 1896

The Meaning of the Election

DEBATING THE PAST Populism--Crusade of Cranks or Potent Grass-Roots Protest?

MAPPING THE PAST Agrarian Discontent and the Populist Challenge

CHAPTER 21 THE AGE OF REFORM

Roots of Progressivism

The Muckrackers

The Progressive Mind

"Radical" Progressives: The Wave of the Future

Political Reform: Cities First

Political Reform: The States

State Social Legislation

Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement

Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House

Roosevelt and Big Business

Roosevelt and the Coal Strike

TR's Triumphs

Roosevelt Tilts Left

William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or more is Less

Breakup of the Republican Party

The Election of 1912

Wilson: The New Freedom

The Progressives and Minority Rights

Black Militancy

AMERICAN LIVES Emma Goldman

DEBATING THE PAST Were the Progressives Forward-Looking?

CHAPTER 22 FROM ISOLATION TO EMPIRE

Isolation or Imperialism?

Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies

Toward an Empire in the Pacific

Toward and Empire in Latin America

The Cuban Revolution

The "Splendid Little" Spanish-American War

Developing a Colonial Policy

The Anti-Imperialists

The Philippine Insurrection

Cuba and the United States

The United States in the Caribbean and Central America

The Open Door Policy in China

The Panama Canal

Imperialism without Colonies

AMERICAN LIVES Frederick Funston

CHAPTER 23 WOODROW WILSON AND THE GREAT WAR

Wilson's "Moral" Diplomacy

Europe Explodes in War

Freedom of the Seas

The Election of 1916

The Road to War

Mobilizing the Economy

Workers in Wartime

Paying for the War

Propaganda and Civil Liberties

Wartime Reforms

Women and Blacks in Wartime

Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top

Preparing for Peace

The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty

The Senate Rejects the League of Nations

The Red Scare

The Election of 1920

RE-VIEWING THE PAST Titanic

CHAPTER 24 POSTWAR SOCIETY AND CULTURE: CHANGE AND ADJUSTMENT

Closing the Gates to New Immigrants

New Urban Social Patterns

The Younger Generation

The "New" Woman

Popular Culture: Movies and Radio

The Golden Age of Sports

Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism

Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition

The Ku Klux Klan

Literary Trends

The "New Negro"

Economic Expansion

The Age of the Consumer

Henry Ford

The Airplane

RE-VIEWING THE PAST Chicago

DEBATING THE PAST The 1920s: A Decade of Self-Absorption?

CHAPTER 25 FROM "NORMALCY" TO ECONOMIC COLLAPSE: 1921-1933

Harding and "Normalcy"

"The Business of the United States is Business"

The Harding Scandals

Coolidge Prosperity

Peace without a Sword

The Peace Movement

The Good Neighbor Policy

The Totalitarian Challenge

War Debts and Reparations

The Election of 1928

Economic Problems

The Stock Market Crash of 1929

Hoover and the Depression

The Economy Hits Bottom

The Depression and Its Victims

The Election of 1932

RE-VIEWING THE PAST There Will Be Blood

CHAPTER 26 THE NEW DEAL: 1933-1941

The Hundred Days

The National Recovery Administration (NRA)

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

The Dust Bowl

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

The New Deal Spirit

The Unemployed

Literature During the Depression

Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend

The Second New Deal

The Election of 1936

Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court

The New Deal Winds Down

Significance of the New Deal

Women as New Dealers: The Network

Blacks During the New Deal

A New Deal for Indians

The Role of Roosevelt

The Triumph of Isolationism

War Again in Asia and Europe

A Third Term for FDR

The Undeclared War

DEBATING THE PAST Did the New Deal Succeed?

REVIEWING THE PAST Cinderella Man

CHAPTER 27 WAR AND PEACE: 1941-1945

The Road to Pearl Harbor

Mobilizing the Home Front

The War Economy

War and Social Change

Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians

The Treatment of German and Italian Americans

Interment of Japanese Americans

Women's Contribution to the War Effort

Allied Strategy: Europe First

Germany Overwhelmed

The Naval War in the Pacific

Island Hopping

Building the Atom Bomb

Wartime Diplomacy

Allied Suspicion of Stalin

Yalta and Potsdam

RE-VIEWING THE PAST Saving Private Ryan

DEBATING THE PAST Should A-Bombs Have Been Dropped on Japan?

CHAPTER 28 COLLISION COURSES, ABROAD AND AT HOME: 1946-1960

The Postwar Economy

Truman Becomes President

The Containment Policy

The Atom Bomb: A "winning" Weapon?

A Turning Point in Greece

The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History

The Election of 1948

Containing Communism Abroad

Hot War in Korea

The Communist Issue at Home

McCarthyism

Dwight D. Eisenhower

The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy

McCarthy Self-Destructs

Asian Policy after Korea

Israel and the Middle East

Eisenhower and Khrushchev

Latin America Aroused

Fighting the Cold War at Home

Blacks Challenge Segregation

Direct Action Protests: The Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Election of 1960

AMERICAN LIVES Martin Luther King, Jr.

CHAPTER 29 FROM CAMELOT TO WATERGATE: 1961-1975

Kennedy in Camelot

The Cuban Crises

JFK's Vietnam War

"We Shall Overcome": The Civil Rights Movement

Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated

Lyndon Baines Johnson: The Great Society

New Racial Turmoil

From the "Beat Movement" to Student Radicalism

Johson Escalates the War

The Election of 1968

Nixon as President: "Vietnamizing" the War

The Cambodian "Incursion"

Nixon in Triumph

Domestic Policy under Nixon

The Watergate Break-in and Cover-up

The Judgement on Watergate: "Expletive Deleted"

Nixon Resigns, Ford Becomes President

MAPPING THE PAST School Segregation after the Brown Decison

CHAPTER 30 RUNNING ON EMPTY: 1975-1991

The Oil Crisis

Ford as President

The Fall of South Vietnam

Ford versus Carter

The Carter Presidency

A National Malaise

Stagflation: The Weird Economy

"Constant Decency" in Action

The Iran Crisis: Origins

The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma

The Election of 1980

Reagan as President

Four More Years

"The Reagan Revolution"

The New Merger Movement

"A Job for Life": Layoffs Hit Home

Corporate Restructuring

Rogue Foreign Policy

Assessing the Reagan Revolution

The Election of 1988

George H.W. Bush as President

The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe

The War in the Persian Gulf

Deficits

AMERICAN LIVES Bill Gates

CHAPTER 31 FROM BOOMERS TO MILLENNIALS

The New Immigration

The Emergence of Modern Feminism

Roe v. Wade

Conservative Counter-Attack

The Rise of Gay and Lesbian Rights

AIDS

Publicly Gay

Crime and Punisment

"Crack" and Urban Gangs

Violence and Popular Culture

From Main Street to Mall to Dot.Com

From Community to Facebook

Greying of the Boomers

AMERICAN LIVES Barack Obama

CHAPTER 32 SHOCKS AND RESPONSES, 1992-PRESENT

A New Face: William Clinton

The Election of 1992

A New Start: Clinton as President

Emergence of the Republican Majority

The Election of 1996

Clinton Impeached

Clinton's Legacy

The Economic Boom and the Internet

The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote

The New Terrorism

September 11, 2001

America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan

The Second Iraq War

2004-Bush Wins a Second Term

Crime: Good News and Bad

Hurricane Katrina

Iraq Insurgency and Bush's "Surge"

2008: McCain v. Obama

Financial Meltdown

"Yes We Can": Obama Elected President

Obama as President

Health Care Reform

Immigration Reform

Environmental Concerns and Disaster in the Gulf

Afghanistan, Again

The Persistent Past and Imponderable Future

AMERICAN LIVES Four Heroes

DEBATING THE PAST Do Historians Ever Get It Right?

Appendix

Glossary

Credits

Index

Supplemental Materials

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