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Focuses students on the story of American history.

America : Past and Present integrates the social and political dimensions of American history into one chronological narrative, providing students with a full picture of the scope and complexity of the American past. Written by award-winning historians, it tells the story of all Americans—elite and ordinary, women and men, rich and poor, white majority and minorities.

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Robert A. Divine Robert A. Divine, George W. Littlefield Professor Emeritus in American History at the University of Texas at Austin, received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1954. A specialist in American diplomatic history, he taught from 1954 to 1996 at the University of Texas, where he was honored by both the student association and the graduate school for teaching excellence. His extensive published work includes The Illusion of Neutrality (1962); Second Chance: The Triumph of Internationalism in America During World War II (1967); and Blowing on the Wind (1978). His most recent work is Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace (2000), a comparative analysis of twentieth-century American wars. He is also the author of Eisenhower and the Cold War (1981) and editor of three volumes of essays on the presidency of Lyndon Johnson. His book, The Sputnik Challenge (1993), won the Eugene E. Emme Astronautical Literature Award for 1993. He has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and has given the Albert Shaw Lectures in Diplomatic History at Johns Hopkins University. T. H. Breen T. H. Breen, William Smith Mason Professor of American History at North western Uni versity, received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1968. He has taught at Northwestern since 1970. Breen’s major books include The Character of the Good Ruler: A Study of Puritan Political Ideas in New England (1974); Puritans and Adventurers: Change and Persistence in Early America (1980); Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution (1985); and, with Stephen Innes of the University of Virginia, “Myne Owne Ground”: Race and Freedom on Virginia’s Eastern Shore (1980). His Imagining the Past (1989) won the 1990 Historic Preservation Book Award. His most recent book is Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence (2004). In addition to receiving several awards for outstanding teaching at Northwestern, Breen has been the recipient of research grants from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton), the National Humanities Center, and the Huntington Library. He has served as the Fowler Hamilton Fellow at Christ Church, Oxford University (1987–1988), the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions, Cambridge University (1990–1991), the Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University (2000–2001), and was a recipient of the Humboldt Prize (Germany). He is currently completing a book tentatively entitled America’s Insurgency: The People’s Revolution, 1774–1776. R. Hal Williams R. Hal Williams is professor of history at Southern Methodist University. He received his A.B. from Prince ton Uni versity in 1963 and his Ph.D. from Yale Uni versity in 1968. His books include The Democratic Party and California Politics, 1880–1896 (1973); Years of Decision: American Politics in the 1890s (1978); and The Manhattan Project: A Documentary Introduction to the Atomic Age (1990). A specialist in American political history, he taught at Yale University from 1968 to 1975 and came to SMU in 1975 as chair of the Department of History. From 1980 to 1988, he served as dean of Dedman College, the school of humanities and sciences, at SMU, where he is currently dean of Research and Graduate Studies. In 1980, he was a visiting professor at University College, Oxford University. Williams has received grants from the American Philosophical Society and the National Endowment for the Humanities, and he has served on the Texas Committee for the Humanities. He is currently working on a study of the presidential election of 1896 and a biography of James G. Blaine, the late-nineteenth-century speaker of the House, secretary of state, and Republican presidential candidate. Ariela J. Gross Ariela J. Gross is Professor of Law and History at the University of Southern Cali fornia. She received her B.A. from Harvard University, her J.D. from Stanford Law School, and her Ph.D. from Stanford University. She is the author of Double Character: Slavery and Mastery in the Antebellum Southern Courtroom (2000) and numerous law review articles and book chapters, including “‘Caucasian Cloak’: Mexican Americans and the Politics of Whiteness in the Twentieth-Century Southwest” in the Georgetown Law Journal (2006). Her current work in progress, What Blood Won’t Tell: Racial Identity on Trial in America, to be published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux, is supported by fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the American Council for Learned Societies. H.W. Brands Henry William Brands was born in Oregon, went to college in California, sold cutlery across the American West, and earned graduate degrees in mathematics and history in Oregon and Texas. He taught at Vanderbilt University and Texas A&M University before joining the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin, where he is the Dickson Allen Anderson Centennial Professor of History. He writes on American history and politics, with books including Traitor to His Class, Andrew Jackson, The Age of Gold, The First American, and TR. Several of his books have been bestsellers; two, Traitor to His Class and The First American, were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize. He lectures frequently on historical and current events, and can be seen and heard on national and international television and radio programs. His writings have been translated into Spanish, French, German, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Ukrainian.

Found in this section:

1. Brief Table of Contents

2. Full Table of Contents

1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 New World Encounters

Chapter 2 New World Experiments: England’s Seventeenth-Century Colonies

Chapter 3 Putting Down Roots: Opportunity and Oppression in Colonial Society

Chapter 4 Experience of Empire: Eighteenth-Century America

Chapter 5 The American Revolution: From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763—1783

Chapter 6 The Republican Experiment

Chapter 7 Democracy and Dissent: The Violence of Party Politics, 1788—1800

Chapter 8 Republican Ascendancy: The Jeffersonian Vision

Chapter 9 Nation Building and Nationalism

Chapter 10 The Triumph of White Men’s Democracy

Chapter 11 Slaves and Masters

Chapter 12 The Pursuit of Perfection

Chapter 13 An Age of Expansionism

Chapter 14 The Sectional Crisis

Chapter 15 Secession and the Civil War

Chapter 16 The Agony of Reconstruction

2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: New World Encounters

Clash of Cultures: Interpreting Murder in Early Maryland

Native American Histories before Conquest

The Environmental Challenge: Food, Climate, and Culture

Mysterious Disappearances

Aztec Dominance

Eastern Woodland Cultures

A World Transformed

Cultural Negotiations

Threats to Survival: Trade and Disease

West Africa: Ancient and Complex Societies

Europe on the Eve of Conquest

Building New Nation States

Imagining a New World

Myths and Reality

The Conquistadores: Faith and Greed

From Plunder to Settlement

The French Claim Canada

The English Enter the Competition

Birth of English Protestantism

Militant Protestantism

Woman in Power

Religion, War, and Nationalism

An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke

Conclusion: Campaign to Sell America

The Columbian Exchange and the Global Environment: Ecological Revolution

Chapter 2: New World Experiments: England’s Seventeenth-Century Colonies

Profit and Piety: Competing Visions for English Settlement

Breaking Away

The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth

Entrepreneurs in Virginia

Spinning Out of Control

“Stinking Weed”

Time of Reckoning

Corruption and Reform

Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics

Reforming England in America

“The Great Migration”

“A City on a Hill”

Limits of Religious Dissent

Mobility and Division

Diversity in the Middle Colonies

Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Hudson

Confusion in New Jersey

Quakers in America

Quaker Beliefs and Practice

Penn’s “Holy Experiment”

Settling Pennsylvania

Planting the Carolinas

Proprietors of the Carolinas

The Barbadian Connection

The Founding of Georgia

Conclusion: Living with Diversity

The Children Who Refused to Come Home: Captivity and Conversion

Chapter 3: Putting Down Roots: Opportunity and Oppression in Colonial Society

Families in an Atlantic Empire

Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the

Seventeenth Century

Immigrant Families and New Social Order

Commonwealth of Families

Women’s Lives in Puritan New England

Social Hierarchy in New England

The Challenge of the Chesapeake Environment

Family Life at Risk

The Structure of Planter Society

Race and Freedom in British America

Roots of Slavery

Constructing African American Identities

Rise of a Commercial Empire

Response to Economic Competition

Regulating Colonial Trade

Colonial Factions Spark Political Revolt, 1676–1691

Civil War in Virginia: Bacon’s Rebellion

The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony

Contagion of Witchcraft

The Glorious Revolution in New York and Maryland

Conclusion: Local Aspirations Within an Atlantic Empire

Anthony Johnson: A Free Black Planter on Pungoteague

Creek

Witches and the Law: A Problem of Evidence in 1692

Chapter 4: Experience of Empire: Eighteenth-Century America

Constructing an Anglo-American Identity: The Journal of William Byrd

Growth and Diversity

Scots-Irish Flee English Oppression

Germans Search for a Better Life

Convict Settlers

Native Americans Stake Out a Middle Ground

Spanish Borderlands of the Eighteenth Century

Conquering the Northern Frontier

Peoples of the Spanish Borderlands

The Impact of European Ideas on American Culture

Provincial Cities

Ben Franklin and American Enlightenment

Economic Transformation

Birth of a Consumer Society

Religious Revivals in Provincial Societies

The Great Awakening

The Voice of Evangelical Religion

Clash of Political Cultures

The English Constitution

The Reality of British Politics

Governing the Colonies: The American Experience

Colonial Assemblies

Century of Imperial War

King William’s and Queen Anne’s Wars

King George’s War and Its Aftermath

Albany Congress and Braddock’s Defeat

Seven Years’War

Perceptions of War

Conclusion: Rule Britannia?

Conquest by Other Means: The Pennsylvania Walking

Purchase

Chapter 5: The American Revolution: From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763–1783

Moment of Decision: Commitment and Sacrifice

Structure of Colonial Society

Breakdown of Political Trust

No Taxation Without Representation: The American

Perspective

Ideas About Power and Virtue

Eroding the Bonds of Empire

Paying Off the National Debt

Popular Protest

Failed Attempts to Save the Empire

Fueling the Crisis

Fatal Show of Force

Last Days of Imperial Rule, 1770–1773

The Final Provocation: The Boston Tea Party

Steps Toward Independence

Shots Heard Around the World

Beginning “The World Over Again”

Fighting for Independence

Building a Professional Army

Testing the American Will

“Times That Try Men’s Souls”

Victory in a Year of Defeat

The French Alliance

The Final Campaign

The Loyalist Dilemma

Winning the Peace

Conclusion: Preserving Independence

Popular Resistance: Religion and Rebellion

Chapter 6: The Republican Experiment

A New Political Morality

Defining Republican Culture

Living in the Shadow of Revolution

Social and Political Reform

African Americans in the New Republic

The Challenge of Women’s Rights

The States: Experiments in Republicanism

Blueprints for State Government

Natural Rights and the State Constitutions

Power to the People

Stumbling Toward a New National Government

Articles of Confederation

Western Land: Key to the First Constitution

Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation’s Major

Achievement

Strengthening Federal Authority

The Nationalist Critique

Diplomatic Humiliation

“Have We Fought for This?”

The Genius of James Madison

Constitutional Reform

The Philadelphia Convention

Inventing a Federal Republic

Compromise Saves the Convention

Compromising on Slavery

The Last Details

We, the People

Whose Constitution? Struggle for Ratification

Federalists and Antifederalists

Adding the Bill of Rights

Conclusion: Success Depends on the People

The Elusive Constitution: Search for Original Intent

Chapter 7: Democracy and Dissent: The Violence of Party Politics, 1788–1800

Force of Public Opinion

Principle and Pragmatism: Establishing a New Government

Conflicting Visions: Jefferson and Hamilton

Hamilton’s Plan for Prosperity and Security

Funding and Assumption

Interpreting the Constitution: The Bank Controversy

Setback for Hamilton

Charges of Treason: The Battle over Foreign Affairs

The Peril of Neutrality

Jay’s Treaty Sparks Domestic Unrest

Pushing the Native Americans Aside

Popular Political Culture

Informing the Public: News and Politics

Whiskey Rebellion: Charges of Republican Conspiracy

Washington’s Farewell

The Adams Presidency

The XYZ Affair and Domestic Politics

Crushing Political Dissent

Silencing Political Opposition: The Alien and Sedition Acts

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Adams’s Finest Hour

The Peaceful Revolution: The Election of 1800

Conclusion: Danger of Political Extremism

Defense of Superiority: The Impact of Nationalism on

Perceptions of the Environment

Chapter 8: Republican Ascendancy: The Jeffersonian Vision

Limits of Equality

Regional Identities in a New Republic

Westward the Course of Empire

Native American Resistance

Commercial Life in the Cities

Jefferson as President

Jeffersonian Reforms

The Louisiana Purchase

The Lewis and Clark Expedition

Conflict with the Barbary States

Jefferson’s Critics

Attack on the Judges

Politics of Desperation

Murder and Conspiracy: The Curious Career of Aaron Burr

The Slave Trade

Embarrassments Overseas

Embargo Divides the Nation

A New Administration Goes to War

Fumbling Toward Conflict

The Strange War of 1812

Hartford Convention: The Demise of the Federalists

Treaty of Ghent Ends the War

Conclusion: Republican Legacy

Barbary Pirates and American Captives: The Nation’s First

Hostage Crisis

Aaron Burr: The Vice President Tried for Treason

Chapter 9: Nation Building and Nationalism

A Revolutionary War Hero Revisits America in 1824

Expansion and Migration

Extending the Boundaries

Native American Societies Under Pressure

Settlement to the Mississippi

The People and Culture of the Frontier

A Revolution in Transportation

Roads and Steamboats

The Canal Boom

Emergence of a Market Economy

The Beginning of Commercial Agriculture

Commerce and Banking

Early Industrialism

The Growth of Cities

The Politics of Nation Building After the War of 1812

The Republicans in Power

Monroe as President

The Missouri Compromise

Postwar Nationalism and the Supreme Court

Nationalism in Foreign Policy: The Monroe Doctrine

Conclusion: The End of the Era of Good Feeling

Confronting a New Environment

Chapter 10: The Triumph of White Men’s Democracy

Democratic Space: The New Hotels

Democracy in Theory and Practice

Democracy and Society

Democratic Culture

Democratic Political Institutions

Economic Issues

Labor Radicalism and Equal Rights

Jackson and the Politics of Democracy

The Election of 1824 and J. Q. Adams’s Administration

Jackson Comes to Power

Indian Removal

The Nullification Crisis

The Bank War and the Second Party System

Mr. Biddle’s Bank

The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

Killing the Bank

The Emergence of the Whigs

The Rise and Fall of Van Buren

Heyday of the Second Party System

Conclusion: Tocqueville’s Wisdom

Racial Identity in a White Man’s Democracy

Chapter 11: Slaves and Masters

Nat Turner’s Rebellion: A Turning Point in the Slave South

The Divided Society of the Old South

The World of Southern Blacks

Slaves’ Daily Life and Labor

Slave Families, Kinship, and Community

African American Religion

Resistance and Rebellion

Free Blacks in the Old South

White Society in the Antebellum South

The Planters’ World

Planters, Racism, and Paternalism

Small Slaveholders

Yeoman Farmers

A Closed Mind and a Closed Society

Slavery and the Southern Economy

The Internal Slave Trade

The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom

Slavery and Industrialization

The “Profitability” Issue

Conclusion: Worlds in Conflict

Harriet Jacobs and Maria Norcom: Women of Southern

Households

Chapter 12: The Pursuit of Perfection

Redeeming the Middle Class

The Rise of Evangelicalism

The Second Great Awakening: The Frontier Phase

The Second Great Awakening in the North

From Revivalism to Reform

Domesticity and Changes in the American Family

Marriage for Love

The Cult of Domesticity

The Discovery of Childhood

Institutional Reform

The Extension of Education

Discovering the Asylum

Reform Turns Radical

Divisions in the Benevolent Empire

The Abolitionist Enterprise

Black Abolitionists

From Abolitionism to Women’s Rights

Radical Ideas and Experiments

Conclusion: Counterpoint on Reform

The War Against “Demon Drink”

The Legal Rights of Married Women: Reforming the Law of

Coverture

Chapter 13: An Age of Expansionism

The Spirit of Young America

Movement to the Far West

Borderlands of the 1830s

The Texas Revolution

The Republic of Texas

Trails of Trade and Settlement

The Mormon Trek

Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War

Tyler and Texas

The Triumph of Polk and Annexation

The Doctrine of Manifest Destiny

Polk and the Oregon Question

War with Mexico Settlement of the Mexican-American War

Internal Expansionism

The Triumph of the Railroad

The Industrial Revolution Takes Off

Mass Immigration Begins

The New Working Class

Conclusion: The Costs of Expansion

Hispanic America After 1848: A Case Study in

Majority Rule

Chapter 14: The Sectional Crisis

Brooks Assaults Sumner in Congress

The Compromise of 1850

The Problem of Slavery in the Mexican Cession

The Wilmot Proviso Launches the Free-Soil Movement Squatter Sovereignty and the Election of 1848

Taylor Takes Charge

Forging a Compromise

Political Upheaval, 1852–1856

The Party System in Crisis

The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm

An Appeal to Nativism: The Know-Nothing Episode

Kansas and the Rise of the Republicans

Sectional Division in the Election of 1856

The House Divided, 1857–1860

Cultural Sectionalism

The Dred Scott Case The Lecompton Controversy

Debating the Morality of Slavery

The South’s Crisis of Fear

The Election of 1860

Conclusion: Explaining the Crisis

The Enigma of John Brown

The Case of Dred and Harriet Scott: Blurring the Borders of

Politics and Justice

Chapter 15: Secession and the Civil War

The Emergence of Lincoln

The Storm Gathers

The Deep South Secedes

The Failure of Compromise And the War Came

Adjusting to Total War

Prospects, Plans, and Expectations

Mobilizing the Home Fronts

Political Leadership: Northern Success and Southern Failure

Early Campaigns and Battles

The Diplomatic Struggle

Fight to the Finish

The Coming of Emancipation

African Americans and the War

The Tide Turns

Last Stages of the Conflict

Effects of the War

Conclusion: An Organizational Revolution

Soldiering in the Civil War

Chapter 16: The Agony of Reconstruction

Robert Smalls and Black Politicians During Reconstruction

The President vs. Congress

Wartime Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson at the Helm

Congress Takes the Initiative

Congressional Reconstruction Plan Enacted

The Impeachment Crisis

Reconstructing Southern Society

Reorganizing Land and Labor

Black Codes: A New Name for Slavery?

Republican Rule in the South

Claiming Public and Private Rights

Retreat from Reconstruction

Rise of the Money Question

Final Efforts of Reconstruction

A Reign of Terror Against Blacks

Spoilsmen vs. Reformers

Reunion and the New South

The Compromise of 1877

“Redeeming” a New South

The Rise of Jim Crow

Conclusion: Henry McNeal Turner and the “Unfinished

Revolution”

Changing Views of Reconstruction

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America Past & Present, Volume 1, Black and White Edition

America Past & Present, Volume 1, Black and White Edition

0205946887

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials