9780205969487

A compelling story of agency, survival, struggle and triumph over adversity

African Americans: A Concise History illuminates the central place of African-Americans in U.S. history by telling the story of what it has meant to be black in America and how African-American history is inseparably woven into the greater context of American history. It follows the long and turbulent journey of African-Americans, the rich culture they have nurtured throughout their history and the quest for freedom through which African-Americans have sought to counter oppression and racism.

MyHistoryLab is an integral part of the Hine / Hine / Harrold program. Key learning applications include Closer Looks, MyHistoryLibrary, and writing assessment.

A better teaching and learning experience

This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience—for you and your students. Here’s how:

Personalize Learning - MyHistoryLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program. It helps students prepare for class and instructor gauge individual and class performance.
Improve Critical Thinking - Focus Questions and end-of-chapter Review Questions help students think critically about the chapter content.
Engage Students - Voices boxes engage students in the works and words of African Americans.
Support Instructors - A full set of supplements, including MyHistory, provides instructors with all the resources and support they need.

Note: MyHistoryLab does not come automatically packaged with this text.

Darlene Clark Hine is a Board of Trustees professor of African-American studies and professor of history at Northwestern University. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a former president of the Organization of American Historians and of the Southern Historical Association. Hine received her B.A. at Roosevelt University in Chicago and her MA. and Ph.D. from Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. Hine has taught at South Carolina State University and at Purdue University. She also taught at Michigan State University where she was John A. Hannah professor of history. She was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University and at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University. She is the author and/or co-editor of 15 books, most recently The Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), co-edited with Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham and Leon Litwack. She co-edited a two-volume set with Earnestine Jenkins, A Question of Manhood: A Reader in Black Men’s History and Masculinity (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999, 2001) and one with Jacqueline McLeod, Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in Diaspora (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000pk). With Kathleen Thompson she wrote A Shining Thread of Hope: The History of Black Women in America (New York: Broadway Books, 1998) and edited More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996) with Barry Gaspar. She won the Dartmouth Medal of the American Library Association for the reference volumes co-edited with Elsa Barkley Brown and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia (New York: Carlson Publishing, 1993). She is the author of Black Women in White: Racial Conflict and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession, 1890–1950 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989). Her forthcoming book is entitled The Black Professional Class: Physicians, Nurses, Lawyers, and the Origins of the Civil Rights Movement, 1890–1955.

William C. Hine received his undergraduate education at Bowling Green State University, his master’s degree at the University of Wyoming and his Ph.D. at Kent State University. He is a professor of history at South Carolina State University. He has had articles published in several journals, including Agricultural History, Labor History and the Journal of Southern History. He is currently writing a history of South Carolina State University.

Stanley Harrold, a professor of history at South Carolina State University, received his bachelor’s degree from Allegheny College and his master’s degree and Ph.D. from Kent State University. He is co-editor of Southern Dissent, a book series published by the University Press of Florida. In 1991-1992 and 1996-1997 he had National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships. In 2005 he received an NEH Faculty Research Award. His books include: Gamaliel Bailey and Antislavery Union (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1986), The Abolitionists and the South (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995), Antislavery Violence: Sectional, Racial, and Cultural Conflict in Antebellum America (co-edited with John R. McKivigan; Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1999), American Abolitionists (Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 2001), Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, D.C., 18280-1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003), The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004), Civil War and Reconstruction: A Documentary Reader (Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell, 2007) and Border War: Fighting over Slavery before the Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010). He has published articles in Civil War History, Journal of Southern History, Radical History Review and Journal of the Early Republic.

In this Section:

1) Brief Table of Contents

2) Full Table of Contents

1) Brief Table of Contents

Chapter 12: The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction, 1865-1868

Chapter 13: The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction, 1868-1877
Chapter 14: White Supremacy Triumphant: African Americans in the Late Nineteenth Century, 1877-1895
Chapter 15: African Americans Challenge White Supremacy, 1877-1918
Chapter 16: Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century, 1895-1928

Chapter 17: African Americans and the 1920s, 1918-1929
Chapter 18: Black Protest, the Great Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1940
Chapter 19: Meanings of Freedom, 1930-1950
Chapter 20: The World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution, 1936-1948
Chapter 21: The Long Freedom Movement, 1950-1965
Chapter 22: Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1980
Chapter 23: African Americans in the 21st Century, 1980-2010
Chapter 24: Black Politics from 1980 to the Present: The President Obama Era

2) Full Table of Contents

Chapter 12: The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction, 1865-1868

The End of Slavery
Land
The Freedmen’s Bureau
The Black Church
Education
Violence
The Crusade for Political and Civil Rights
Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson
Black Codes
Black Conventions
The Radical Republicans
The Fourteenth Amendment
Radical Reconstruction
The Reaction of White Southerners
Conclusion

Chapter 13: The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction, 1868-1877
Constitutional Conventions
The Issues
Economic Issues
Black Politicians: An Evaluation
Republican Factionalism
Opposition
The Ku Klux Klan
The West
The Fifteenth Amendment
The Enforcement Acts
The North and Reconstruction
The Freedmen’s Bank
The Civil Rights Act of 1875
The End of Reconstruction
Conclusion

Chapter 14: White Supremacy Triumphant: African Americans in the Late Nineteenth Century, 1877-1895
Politics
Disfranchisement
Segregation
Racial Etiquette
Violence
Migration
Black Farm Families
African Americans and Southern Courts
Conclusion

Chapter 15: African Americans Challenge White Supremacy, 1877-1918
Social Darwinism
Education and Schools
Church and Religion
Red Versus Black: The Buffalo Soldiers
Brownsville
African Americans in the Navy
The Black Cowgirls
The Spanish-American War
The Philippine Insurrection
African Americans and the World’s Columbian Exposition
Black Businesspeople and Entrepreneurs
African Americans and Labor
Black Professionals
Music
Sports
Conclusion

Chapter 16: Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century, 1895-1928
Race and The Progressive Movement
Booker T. Washington’s Approach
W. E. B. Du Bois
The Urban League
Black Women and The Club Movement
The Black Elite
African-American Inventors
Presidential Politics
Black Men and the Military in World War I
Race Riots
The Great Migration
Northern Communities
Conclusion

Chapter 17: African Americans and the 1920s, 1918-1929
Strikes and The Red Scare
Varieties Of Racism
Protest, Pride, And Pan-Africanism: Black Organizations in the 1920s
The NAACP
Labor
The Harlem Renaissance
Harlem and the Jazz Age
Sports
Conclusion

Chapter 18: Black Protest, the Great Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1940
The Cataclysm, 1929–1933
Black Protest During the Great Depression
The Rise of Black Social Scientists
Organized Labor and Black America
The Communist Party and African Americans
Misuses Of Medical Science: The Tuskegee Study
Conclusion

Chapter 19: Meanings of Freedom, 1930-1950
Culture and Society in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s
Black Culture in a Midwestern City
The Black Culture Industry and American Racism
The Music Culture from Swing to Bebop
Popular Culture for the Masses: Comic Strips, Radio, and Movies
The Black Chicago Renaissance
Black Visual Art
Black Literature
African Americans in Sports
Black Religious Culture
Conclusion

Chapter 20: The World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution, 1936-1948
On the Eve of War, 1936–1941
Race and the U.S. Armed Forces
Black People on the Home Front
The Transition to Peace
The Cold War and International Politics
Conclusion

Chapter 21: The Long Freedom Movement, 1950-1965
The 1950s: Prosperity and Prejudice
The Road to Brown
Brown II
New Forms of Protest: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
No Easy Road to Freedom: 1957–1960
Black Youth Stand up by Sitting Down
A Sight to Be Seen: The Movement att High Tide
The Albany Movement
The Birmingham Confrontation
A Hard Victory
Conclusion

Chapter 22: Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1980
The Rise of Black Nationalism
The Black Panther Party
The Inner-City Rebellions
Difficulties in Creating the Great Society
Johnson and the War in Vietnam
Johnson: Vietnam Destroys the Great Society
King: Searching For a New Strategy
The Black Arts Movement and Black Consciousness
The Black Student Movement
The Presidential Election of 1968 And Richard Nixon
The Rise of Black Elected Officials
Economic Downturn
Black Americans and the Carter Presidency
Conclusion

Chapter 23: African Americans in the 21st Century, 1980-2010
Progress and Poverty: Income, Education, and Health
The Persistence of Black Poverty
African Americans at the Center of Art And Culture
Black Religion at the Dawn of the Millennium
Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam
Complicating Black Identity in the Twenty-First Century
Conclusion

Chapter 24: Black Politics from 1980 to the Present: The President Obama Era

Jesse Jackson and the Rainbow Coalition
Second Phase of Black Politics
Ronald Reagan and the Conservative Reaction
Black Political Activism in the End of the Twentieth Century
The Rise in Black Incarceration
Policing the Black Community
Black Politics, 1992-2001: The Clinton Presidency
Black Politics and the Contested 2000 Election
Republican Triumph
Black Politics in the Bush Era
Black Politics in the Present Era: Barack Obama, President of the United States
Conclusion

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African Americans A Concise History, Volume 2

African Americans A Concise History, Volume 2

0205969488

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials