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Advocacy and Opposition: An Introduction toArgumentationpresents a comprehensive and practical approach to argumentation and critical thinking for the beginner who needs to construct and present arguments on questions of fact, value, and policy. Advocacy and Oppositionoffers a theoretical view of the nature of argument in our society, a discussion of arguing as a form of communication, and a focus on how arguments are created using the Toulmin model of argument. By blending traditional and contemporary views on the nature of argument (including multicultural perspectives on the purpose and process of argument, ethics, and values),Advocacy and Oppositionmakes students more aware of both the development of theory and practice, providing a well-rounded approach to their study of argumentation.

What is argumentation?
The nature of argumentation
The nature of the audience
The historical development of argumentation Ethical standards for argumentation
Where do I begin in argumentation?
Fields of argumentation Presumption Burden of proof
The prima facie case
What am I going to argue about?
The nature of propositions
The classification of propositions Phrasing the proposition
Defining key terms
How do I analyze propositions?
Locating the immediate cause Investigating the history
Defining key terms and creating the primary inference
Determining the issues
How is a unit of argument created?
The Toulmin model of argument
How do I prove my argument?
The discovery of evidence Types and tests of evidence
Recording evidence
How do I reason with my audience?
Argument from cause
Argument from sign Argument from generalization
Argument from parallel case Argument from analogy
Argument from authority Argument from dilemma
What should I avoid?
Fallacies of reasoning Fallacies of appeal
Fallacies of language
How are factual propositions argued?
Advocating propositions of fact Opposing propositions of fact
How are value propositions argued?
Values in conflict Advocating propositions of value Opposing propositions of value
How are policy propositions argued?
Advocating propositions of policy Opposing propositions of policy
How do I present my arguments to an audience?
Audience analysis Language choice and style
Delivery techniques Building credibility with an audience
What are the rules of the game?
Debate formats Speaker responsibilities Flow sheeting
How do I write an argumentative brief?
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Advocacy and Opposition : An Introduction to Argumentation

Advocacy and Opposition : An Introduction to Argumentation

0205488781

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials