The book summarises recent advances in statistical-based process monitoring of complex multivariate process systems. It includes a broad range of applications of multivariate statistical techniques into the area of mechanical, manufacturing and power engineering, whilst traditionally such techniques are predominantly developed and applied in the chemical industry.The content is aimed at presenting the theoretical foundation of multivariate statistical process control, outlining the drawbacks of this technology, describing improvements aimed at addressing such deficiencies and demonstrating the usefulness of these improvements using industrial examples that relate to applications in the chemical, mechanical, manufacturing and power industry as well as simple simulation studies. The text also includes tutorial questions and worked examples.