Rent 9780736074674 | Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology

Summary Table of Contents

Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiologyuses a mix of biochemistry, molecular biology, neurophysiology, and muscle physiology to provide a synthesis of current knowledge and research directions in the field. The first text devoted solely to the topic, Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiologyassists readers in identifying current directions in research and new avenues for exploration.Recognizing the rapid changes occurring in the field of neuromuscular exercise physiology, the text provides readers with a foundation of knowledge while detail... MOREing the most recent findings. Though the text is written at an advanced level, the author succeeds at making the content accessible. Analyses of research findings and research applications are highlighted in special sidebars. Detailed illustrations and graphs assist readers in understanding research findings. Chapter summaries also help readers determine the key issues presented for each topic.The author draws attention to a variety of important topics in the field, beginning with a discussion of motor unit types, muscle blood flow, and metabolic pathways in control of metabolism, including a special discussion of the effects of type 2 diabetes. Next, the topic of fatigue is discussed. The author explains possible peripheral and central contributors to fatigue. Chapters 6 and 7 focus on whole-body endurance training, including the effects of aerobic endurance training on the protein profiles of muscle fibers and on the central nervous system. Of particular interest is the applicability of research information to the exercise rehabilitation of individuals with compromised nervous system function, such as spinal cord injury, other trauma, and neuromuscular diseases. The final chapters are devoted to resistance training, including the phenotypic responses of muscles to isometric, slow isotonic, lengthening, and plyometric training. An overview of the effects of resistance training on the nervous system is offered along with clinical applications.Within the dynamic field of neuromuscular exercise physiology, ideas of how nerves and muscles collaborate during acute and chronic exercise are continually evolving. Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology offers an authoritative perspective of current research in the field as it seeks to encourage discussion, further study, and new research directions.Human Kinetics' Advanced Exercise Physiology Series offers books for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals in exercise science and kinesiology. These books highlight the complex interaction of the various systems both at rest and during exercise. Each text in this series offers a concise explanation of the system and details how each is affected by acute exercise and chronic exercise training. Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiologyis the third volume in the series.

Series Preface	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiv
Credits	p. xv
Muscle Fibers, Motor Units, and Motoneurons	p. 1
Muscle Heterogeneity	p. 2
Orderly Motor Unit Recruitment	p. 7
Smaller Motoneurons Are More Excitable	p. 9
Membrane Resistivity and Motoneuron Size	p. 9
Other Factors Determining Action Pote... MOREntial Generation	p. 11
Minimal Firing Rates and Afterhyperpolarization Durations	p. 12
Motoneuron Current-Frequency Relationship and Excitability	p. 15
Late Adaptation	p. 17
Motoneuron PICs	p. 20
Summary	p. 23
Motor Unit Recruitment During Different Types of Movements	p. 25
Measuring Human Motor Unit Recruitment	p. 25
Influence of Task	p. 27
Slow-Ramp Isometric Contractions	p. 28
Maintained Isometric Contractions	p. 32
Isometric Contractions in Various Directions	p. 34
Isometric Contractions Versus Movements	p. 35
Lengthening Contractions	p. 38
Cocontraction of Agonists and Antagonists	p. 40
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Contractions	p. 40
Rhythmic Complex Contractions	p. 41
Maximal Voluntary Contractions	p. 42
Summary	p. 44
Muscle Blood Flow and Metabolism	p. 46
Muscle Blood Flow	p. 46
Muscle Metabolism	p. 53
Summary	p. 60
Peripheral Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue	p. 63
Intramuscular Factors and Muscle Force	p. 64
Involvement of Structures Other Than Muscle	p. 67
Research From Animal Experiments	p. 77
Summary	p. 80
Central Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue	p. 83
Motoneuron Activity During Sustained Contractions	p. 83
Isometric Versus Anisometric Tasks	p. 98
Rotation of Motor Units?	p. 99
Summary	p. 99
Muscular Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training	p. 101
Chronic Muscle Stimulation	p. 102
Coordination of Muscle Protein Systems	p. 104
Pretranslational Control	p. 106
Translational Control	p. 109
Posttransiational Modifications	p. 110
Simultaneous Expression of Isoforms	p. 112
Adaptations Can Occur Ex Vivo	p. 112
Adaptations Appear in a Specific Sequence	p. 112
Thresholds of Activity for Adaptation	p. 114
Chronic Stimulation and Atrophy	p. 115
Metabolic Signals and the Adaptive Response	p. 117
Degenerative and Regenerative Processes	p. 122
Summary	p. 122
Neural Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training	p. 125
Adaptation of the Neuromuscular Junction	p. 125
Responses of Motoneurons	p. 130
Adaptations of Spinal Cord Circuits	p. 134
Summary	p. 139
Muscle Molecular Mechanisms in Strength Training	p. 141
Acute Responses in Protein Synthesis and Degradation	p. 142
Connective Tissue Responses	p. 155
Role of Muscle Damage	p. 156
Role of Dietary Supplements	p. 157
Summary	p. 158
Muscle Property Changes in Strength Training	p. 161
Increased Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area	p. 161
Fiber Type Composition	p. 162
Muscle Fiber Number	p. 163
Muscle Composition	p. 165
Muscle Architecture	p. 166
Muscle Fiber Ultrastructure	p. 166
Evoked Isometric Contractile Properties	p. 167
Changes in Muscle Force, Velocity, and Power	p. 169
Fatigue Resistance	p. 171
Role of Eccentric Contractions	p. 171
Summary	p. 173
Neural Mechanisms in Strength Training	p. 175
Gains in Strength Versus Muscle Girth	p. 175
Strength Gains Show Task Specificity	p. 176
Surface EMG Response During MVC	p. 178
Imaginary Strength Training	p. 179
Reflex Adaptations	p. 179
Cross Education	p. 181
Decreased Activation of Antagonists	p. 183
Changes in Motor Unit Recruitment	p. 183
Changes in Motor Cortex	p. 186
Summary	p. 186
References	p. 189
Index	p. 225
About the Author	p. 229
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