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| Preface | p. v |
| Acknowledgments | p. vii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Defining Health-related Physical Fitness | p. 2 |
| Components of Health-related Physical Fitness | p. 3 |
| The Importance of Measuring Health-related Physical Fitness | p. 4 |
| The Relationship of Physical Fitness to Health | p. 4 |
| The Relationship of Physical Fitness to Function | p. 6 |
| Fundamental P... MORE | p. 6 |
| A Specific Assessment Objective | p. 7 |
| The Gold Standard (i.e., True Measure) | p. 7 |
| Equipment Calibration | p. 8 |
| Standardization | p. 8 |
| Interpretation Issues | p. 9 |
| The Physical Fitness Professional | p. 9 |
| Academic Training | p. 9 |
| Credentials | p. 9 |
| References | p. 10 |
| Preassessment Screening | p. 11 |
| Rationale for Preassessment Screening | p. 12 |
| Informed Consent | p. 12 |
| The Process of the Informed Consent | p. 14 |
| Explanation of Procedures | p. 15 |
| Screening Procedures | p. 16 |
| Objective: Risk Stratification | p. 16 |
| Health History Questionnaire | p. 17 |
| Other Health Issues to Consider | p. 26 |
| Understanding Medication Usage | p. 26 |
| Summary | p. 26 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 27 |
| Risk Stratification Using a Comprehensive Health History Questionnaire | p. 27 |
| Risk Stratification Using the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire | p. 27 |
| Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire | p. 27 |
| Administering an Informed Consent | p. 27 |
| Case Study | p. 28 |
| References | p. 28 |
| Risk Factor Assessments | p. 29 |
| Resting Blood Pressure | p. 30 |
| Measurement | p. 30 |
| Interpretation | p. 34 |
| Blood Tests | p. 35 |
| Blood Sampling Methods | p. 36 |
| Standard Precautions | p. 37 |
| Interpretation | p. 37 |
| Obesity | p. 37 |
| Measurement of Height and Weight | p. 38 |
| Measurement of Waist Circumference | p. 41 |
| Interpretation | p. 43 |
| Physical Activity | p. 44 |
| Subjective Assessment | p. 44 |
| Objective Assessment | p. 44 |
| Interpretation | p. 47 |
| Other Diseases and Conditions | p. 48 |
| Pulmonary Disease | p. 48 |
| Osteoporosis | p. 48 |
| Summary | p. 51 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 52 |
| Resting Blood Pressure Assessment | p. 52 |
| Body Mass Index Assessment | p. 52 |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire Assessment | p. 53 |
| Case Study | p. 53 |
| References | p. 53 |
| Body Composition | p. 55 |
| Why Measure Body Composition? | p. 56 |
| Health Implications | p. 56 |
| Functional Implications | p. 56 |
| What Is the Gold Standard Test? | p. 56 |
| Clinical Measures | p. 57 |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography | p. 57 |
| Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry | p. 57 |
| Tests of Body Volume | p. 58 |
| Underwater (Hydrostatic) Weighing | p. 59 |
| Plethysmography | p. 61 |
| Anthropometry | p. 62 |
| Skinfold Measurements | p. 62 |
| Circumferences Measurements | p. 67 |
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | p. 67 |
| Interpretation | p. 71 |
| Estimation of Goal Body Weight | p. 72 |
| Summary | p. 72 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 73 |
| Skinfold Estimation of Body Fat Percentage | p. 73 |
| Case Study | p. 74 |
| References | p. 74 |
| Muscular Fitness | p. 75 |
| Unique Assessment Principles | p. 76 |
| Types of Contractions | p. 76 |
| Familiarization | p. 76 |
| Method of Loading | p. 76 |
| Proper Positioning | p. 78 |
| Specificity | p. 78 |
| Muscular Fitness Continuum | p. 78 |
| Strength Assessments | p. 78 |
| Static | p. 79 |
| Dynamic | p. 79 |
| Endurance Assessments | p. 82 |
| Dynamic | p. 82 |
| Static | p. 87 |
| Interpretation Issues | p. 88 |
| Summary | p. 89 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 90 |
| Assessment of Muscular Strength | p. 90 |
| Muscular Endurance Assessment | p. 90 |
| Case Study | p. 91 |
| References | p. 91 |
| Flexibility | p. 92 |
| Flexibility as a Component of Health-related Physical Fitness | p. 93 |
| Unique Assessment Principles | p. 93 |
| Specificity | p. 93 |
| Warm-up | p. 93 |
| Methods of Measurement | p. 93 |
| Distance Tests for Assessment of Flexibility | p. 94 |
| Sit-and-reach Test | p. 94 |
| Assessment of Lumbar Flexion | p. 95 |
| Assessment of Lumbar Extension | p. 95 |
| Range of Motion Defined | p. 96 |
| Goniometers-Tools to Measure Range of Motion | p. 98 |
| Range-of-motion Assessment Overview | p. 99 |
| Specific Range-of-motion Tests | p. 100 |
| Interpretation | p. 106 |
| Summary | p. 107 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 108 |
| Range-of-motion Assessments | p. 108 |
| Distance Tests for Flexibility Assessment | p. 109 |
| Case Study | p. 109 |
| References | p. 109 |
| Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Estimation from Field and Submaximal Exercise Tests | p. 110 |
| Why Measure Cardiorespiratory Fitness? | p. 111 |
| Health Implications | p. 111 |
| Functional Implications | p. 111 |
| What Is the Gold Standard Test? | p. 111 |
| Deciding on Which Method to Use | p. 112 |
| Pretest Standardizations for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments | p. 112 |
| Field Tests for Prediction of Aerobic Capacity | p. 112 |
| Step Tests | p. 113 |
| Fixed Distance Tests | p. 114 |
| Fixed Time Tests | p. 114 |
| Submaximal Exercise Tests | p. 115 |
| Predicting Maximal Heart Rate | p. 116 |
| Test Termination Criteria | p. 116 |
| Monitoring | p. 116 |
| Exercise Modes | p. 118 |
| YMCA Submaximal Cycle Test | p. 121 |
| Åstrand Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test | p. 127 |
| Treadmill | p. 130 |
| Interpretation | p. 132 |
| Sources of Error in Submaximal Prediction | p. 133 |
| Summary | p. 135 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 136 |
| Field Test Assessments of Cardiorespiratory Fitness | p. 136 |
| Submaximal Exercise Test Assessments of Cardiorespiratory Fitness | p. 136 |
| Case Study | p. 136 |
| References | p. 137 |
| Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Maximal Exercise Testing | p. 138 |
| Risks | p. 139 |
| Contraindications | p. 139 |
| Monitoring | p. 139 |
| Personnel | p. 139 |
| Selecting the Mode for Testing | p. 144 |
| Protocols | p. 145 |
| Bruce Protocol | p. 145 |
| Balke-Ware Protocol | p. 147 |
| Ball State University/Bruce Ramp Protocol | p. 147 |
| Running Protocol | p. 148 |
| Cycle Protocols | p. 149 |
| Test Procedures | p. 150 |
| Supervisor | p. 150 |
| Test Monitoring Roles | p. 151 |
| Measured and Estimated VO2 max | p. 151 |
| Estimating VO2 max from Exercise Test Time | p. 151 |
| Estimating VO2 max from Peak Workload | p. 152 |
| Interpretation | p. 152 |
| Summary | p. 153 |
| Laboratory Activities | p. 154 |
| Maximal Exercise Tests | p. 154 |
| Case Study | p. 154 |
| References | p. 155 |
| Conversions | p. 156 |
| Forms | p. 158 |
| Index | p. 165 |
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