In 2006, the government of India promoted Aadhaar, a biometric identification system, which has now reached 650 million people. The aim of the scheme was to establish a biometric registry to provide a unique identity to all individuals, women and men, in the country. It was expected that this biometric identity would help poor women and men establish their identities so as to access various benefits provided by the government. In conjunction with frugally engineered mini-ATMs, it was expected to promote financial inclusion. This book looks at the gender dimension of Aadhaar, studying the current and potential impacts of it, particularly on women and gender relationships with the household and on changing patriarchal social norms. Does Aadhaar help poor women establish their identity and, through that, secure their entitlements due in various schemes of the government? This volume explores that question.