9780131712058

This book offers step-by-step instructional procedures for developing key reading skills for comprehension, vocabulary and fluency. The 50 strategies in this book are designed to support teachers in assessing the strategies currently used by students. The teacher can then use the knowledge gained through assessment to help students: *learn to process text, * use the comprehension processes that strong readers use, and * acquire vocabulary and fluency in a way that will support their comprehension and overall learning in the classroom and in life. Inservice Teachers and Reading/Literacy Specialists.

Adrienne Herrell has recently retired from California State University-Fresno, where she was a professor of reading/language arts and taught classes in early literacy, assessment, and strategies for teaching English language learners. 50 Strategies for Improving Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Fluency: An Active Approach is Dr. Herrell's eighth book for Merrill/Prentice Hall. Her previous books include Camcorder in the Classroom with Joel Fowler, Fifty Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners with Michael Jordan, Reflective Planning, Teaching, and Evaluation: K-12 with Judy Eby and Jim Hicks, and Teaching Elementary School with Judy Eby. Dr. Herrell's writing and research are built on her experiences teaching in Florida's public schools for 23 years. She and Dr. Jordan (co-author) are currently engaged in research in public schools in California and Florida. She teaches part-time for her alma mater, Florida State University, in Panana City where she now resides.

Michael Jordan is an associate professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at California State University-Fresno. He has taught primary grades through high school in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and California. Dr. Jordan is also an actor, education director, and board member of the Theatre Three Repertory Company in Fresno, California, and is dedicated to providing access to live theatre to children and youth. He and Dr. Herrell incorporate many dramatic reenactment strategies in their joint research working with vocabulary and comprehension development in children learning English in the public schools of California and Florida.

Introduction	p. 1
Word- and Sentence-Level Comprehension	p. 5
Collecting Words: Learning the Nuances of Word Meanings	p. 6
Step by Step	p. 6
Applications and Examples	p. 8
Structural Analysis: Focusing on the Meaning of Word Parts	p. 10
Step by Step	p. 10
Applications and Examples	p. 14
Word Mapping: Exploring Word Meanings and Applications	p. 16
Step by Step	p. 17
Applications and Examples	p. 17
Word Origin Studies: Linking Word Histories and Roots to Word Comprehension	p. 20
Step by Step	p. 20
Applications and Examples	p. 21
Vocabulary Processing: Multiple Strategies Approach	p. 24
Step by Step	p. 24
Applications and Examples	p. 28
Text Talk: Scaffolding Comprehension through Oral Discussion	p. 30
Step by Step	p. 30
Applications and Examples	p. 32
Microselection: Introducing the Concepts of Key Words and Main Ideas	p. 34
Step by Step	p. 34
Applications and Examples	p. 35
Fluency Strategies: Multiple Approaches	p. 38
Step by Step	p. 39
Applications and Examples	p. 40
Paragraph-Level Comprehension	p. 43
Anaphoric Relations: Word Substitutions	p. 44
Step by Step	p. 44
Applications and Examples	p. 46
Connectives: Focusing on Words That Support Cohesion and Inference	p. 48
Step by Step	p. 48
Applications and Examples	p. 50
Text Charting: Exploring the Connections among Sentences	p. 53
Step by Step	p. 53
Applications and Examples	p. 56
Inferences: Filling in the Missing Pieces	p. 58
Step by Step	p. 58
Applications and Examples	p. 59
Read, Pair, Share: Working with a Partner to Answer Questions	p. 61
Step by Step	p. 61
Applications and Examples	p. 63
Cooperative Scripts: Working in Pairs to Improve Comprehension and Recall	p. 65
Step by Step	p. 65
Applications and Examples	p. 66
Gist (Generating Interaction between Schemata and Text): Making Comprehension Connections	p. 68
Step by Step	p. 68
Applications and Examples	p. 69
Integrating Background Knowledge	p. 73
Predicting: Using Past Experiences to Support Comprehension	p. 74
Step by Step	p. 74
Applications and Examples	p. 76
Perspective Taking: Getting into the Minds of the Characters	p. 79
Step by Step	p. 79
Applications and Examples	p. 81
Double-Entry Journals: Connecting Experiences to Text	p. 84
Step by Step	p. 84
Applications and Examples	p. 85
Read/Think Aloud: Emphasizing Connections and Thought Processes	p. 87
Step by Step	p. 87
Applications and Examples	p. 88
Series Book Studies: Building Background Knowledge through Familiar Story Elements	p. 91
Step by Step	p. 92
Applications and Examples	p. 93
Intertextual Studies: Comparing Story Elements to Build Comprehension	p. 96
Step by Step	p. 96
Applications and Examples	p. 97
Graphic Organizers: Visually Representing Ideas, Text, and Connections	p. 100
Step by Step	p. 100
Applications and Examples	p. 102
Critical Reading: Analyzing Text through Higher-Level Thinking Activities	p. 104
Step by Step	p. 104
Applications and Examples	p. 106
Imagination, Images, and Interaction: Creating and Describing Mental Pictures	p. 108
Step by Step	p. 109
Applications and Examples	p. 109
Holistic Comprehension	p. 113
KWL Charts: Supporting Comprehension into, through, and beyond Reading	p. 114
Step by Step	p. 115
Applications and Examples	p. 116
Data Charts: Organizing Information to Aid Comprehension and Recall	p. 118
Step by Step	p. 119
Applications and Examples	p. 120
Drama Centers: Building Comprehension through Active Processing	p. 123
Step by Step	p. 124
Applications and Examples	p. 126
Story Retelling Boxes: Using Props to Reenact Stories	p. 127
Step by Step	p. 127
Applications and Examples	p. 129
Script Writing: Investigating and Analyzing Text	p. 131
Step by Step	p. 131
Applications and Examples	p. 137
Reader's Theare: Using Active Reading Processes to Enhance Comprehension	p. 140
Step by Step	p. 141
Applications and Examples	p. 144
Story Structure Studies: Recognizing and Building on Narrative Story Elements	p. 147
Step by Step	p. 147
Applications and Examples	p. 149
Text Mapping: A Traveler's Guide to Comprehension	p. 151
Step by Step	p. 152
Applications and Examples	p. 154
Summarization: Identifying the Main Idea and Supporting Details	p. 156
Step by Step	p. 156
Applications and Examples	p. 158
Nips: An Interactive Support Strategy for Comprehening "Tough" Text	p. 163
Step by Step	p. 163
Applications and Examples	p. 165
Self-Monitoring Strategies	p. 167
Cross-Checking: Self-Monitoring at the Sentence Level	p. 168
Step by Step	p. 169
Applications and Examples	p. 170
Periodic Paraphrasing: Monitoring Your Own Understanding	p. 173
Step by Step	p. 173
Applications and Examples	p. 175
Self-Monitoring through Imaging and Interacting: Demonstrating Understanding	p. 177
Step by Step	p. 177
Applications and Examples	p. 179
Note Taking: Identifying and Monitoring Understanding of Important Information	p. 181
Step by Step	p. 181
Applications and Examples	p. 183
Reciprocal Teaching: A Cooperative Approach to Comprehension Monitoring	p. 186
Step by Step	p. 186
Applications and Examples	p. 188
Fix-Up Strategies: Knowing What to Do When Reading Doesn't Make Sense	p. 190
Step by Step	p. 191
Applications and Examples	p. 192
SQ4R: Studying for Comprehension and Memory	p. 195
Step by Step	p. 195
Applications and Examples	p. 196
Assessment to Inform Instruction	p. 201
Literacy Observation Checklists: Observing and Conferencing to Document and Set Goals	p. 202
Step by Step	p. 202
Applications and Examples	p. 204
Vocabulary Rating: Assessing Word Understanding and Use	p. 207
Step by Step	p. 207
Applications and Examples	p. 209
Retelling for Assessment: Using Free Recall to Determine Depth of Understanding	p. 210
Step by Step	p. 210
Applications and Examples	p. 213
Comprehension Style Assessment: How Does the Reader Construct Meaning?	p. 217
Step by Step	p. 218
Applications and Examples	p. 219
Cloze Assessment: Evaluating the Use of Comprehension Processes	p. 222
Step by Step	p. 222
Applications and Examples	p. 224
Think-Aloud: Assessing Comprehension Strategy Use	p. 227
Step by Step	p. 227
Applications and Examples	p. 229
Process Questions: Identifying Metacognitive Strategies	p. 231
Step by Step	p. 231
Applications and Examples	p. 233
Question-Answer Relationships: Identifying Question Types and Locating Answers	p. 236
Step by Step	p. 238
Applications and Examples	p. 239
Element Interviews: Engaging Students in Interactions Centered on Story Elements	p. 242
Step by Step	p. 242
Applications and Examples	p. 243
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50 Strategies for Improving Vocabulary, Comprehension and Fluency

50 Strategies for Improving Vocabulary, Comprehension and Fluency

0131712055

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Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials